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Rev. Lett."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A scaling framework unifying the markedly different and independently studied cylindrical and spherical shock convergence is presented. For ionizing argon, we show that the focal temperature becomes invariant to shock symmetry and initial shock conditions when scaled by the prefocus shock Mach number, after accounting for pressure effects. The resulting collapsed focal temperature\u2013Mach number relation is governed by the thermodynamics of argon, up to an equilibrium temperature of 35\u2009000\u00a0K. Such a scaling enables both predictive estimation of focal temperatures over a wide range of initial conditions and, conversely, determination of the parameters required to achieve a target temperature in a given medium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1103\/bl3z-8krg","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:37:07Z","timestamp":1777639027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Generalized Scaling of Focal Temperature in Converging Shock Waves"],"prefix":"10.1103","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2524-4058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sourabh","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026vcq606","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4236-2793","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Apazidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026vcq606","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9049-0650","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Liverts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026vcq606","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc1R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5115134","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc2R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.116.014501","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc3R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4798827","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc4R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41477-2","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc5R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.045001","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc6R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.36.050802.121954","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc7R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52232-6","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc8R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys172","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc9R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1701","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc10R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.32.1.445","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc11R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0032-1","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc12R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40037-3","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc13R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.106.214503","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"bl3z-8krgCc14R1","volume-title":"Shock Focusing Phenomena","author":"N. 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All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright_statement","label":"Copyright statement","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"2026","name":"copyright_year","label":"Copyright year","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","name":"creative_commons_license","label":"Creative Commons license","group":{"name":"licenses","label":"Licenses"}},{"value":"\u00a92026 The authors","name":"copyright_holder","label":"Copyright holder","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}}],"article-number":"215101"}}