{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:18:10Z","timestamp":1785410290142,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42325406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42325406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42204178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42204178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC2207300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2207300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202506010256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202506010256"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phys. Rev. Lett."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gravitational waves (GWs) in the\n                    <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <a:mrow>\n                        <a:mn>0.01<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mo stretchy=\"false\">\u223c<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>1<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mtext>\u2009\u2009<\/a:mtext>\n                        <a:mi>Hz<\/a:mi>\n                      <\/a:mrow>\n                    <\/a:math>\n                    band encode unique signatures of the early Universe and merging compact objects, but they are beyond the reach of existing observatories. Theoretical models suggest that the Moon could act as a resonant detector, but the unknown influence of its rugged surface and heterogeneous interior poses a challenge to the accurate modeling of its response. Here, we address this long-standing uncertainty by constructing the first high-resolution, two-dimensional model of the lunar GW response, more realistic than previous ones. We achieve this by combining high-fidelity spectral-element simulations with the analytical power of normal-mode perturbation theory, thereby resolving topographical effects down to 2\u00a0km grid spacing while maintaining the capacity to discern global free-oscillation patterns. This dual-methodology approach not only recovers the expected predominant quadrupole (\n                    <d:math xmlns:d=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <d:mrow>\n                        <d:mi>l<\/d:mi>\n                        <d:mo>=<\/d:mo>\n                        <d:mn>2<\/d:mn>\n                      <\/d:mrow>\n                    <\/d:math>\n                    ) oscillation mode, but also exposes a systematic signal amplification in thick-crust regions. This enhancement is traced by our normal-mode analysis to a mode-coupling process, in which the original quadrupolar oscillation induced by the passing GW distributes energy into a series of higher-order modes, the hybridized eigenmodes of a laterally heterogeneous Moon. In certain narrow frequency ranges, we observe up to tenfold amplification spanning into the deci-hertz band, highlighting the power of numerical simulations in resolving these structurally fine-tuned features for designing future detectors. Our Letter establishes the Moon as a resonant GW detector albeit its complex topographical structures, and the resulting amplification maps provide a quantitative guide for the optimal landing site selection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1103\/d9jf-gxk5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T18:30:09Z","timestamp":1779129009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Thick Lunar Crust Amplifies Deci-Hertz Gravitational-Wave Signals"],"prefix":"10.1103","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6067-3325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030vmwa78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1320-5243","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Peking University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Peking University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3950-9317","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Peking University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02v51f717","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Peking University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6314-5299","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinhai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/030vmwa78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Geology and 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The frequency units \u201cmHz\u201d or \u201cHz\u201d in this Letter refer to f rather than the angular frequency \u03c9.","type":"other"},{"key":"d9jf-gxk5Cc50R1","unstructured":"G. Masters, J.\u2009H. Woodhouse, and G. Freeman, mineosv1.0.2 [software], Computational infrastructure for geodynamics, https:\/\/geodynamics.org\/cig (2011).","type":"software"},{"key":"d9jf-gxk5Cc51R1","unstructured":"Mode-perturbation approach calculations are done within 2\u00a0h on a personal desktop computer without a dedicated GPU, showing its advantage on narrow-band, low-frequency global (full-Moon) analysis.","type":"other"},{"key":"d9jf-gxk5Cc52R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.110.043009","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"d9jf-gxk5Cc53R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2022.100280","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"d9jf-gxk5Cc54R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JE007222","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"d9jf-gxk5Cc55R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JE007558","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"d9jf-gxk5Cc56R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JE005757","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"d9jf-gxk5Cc57R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.167.3918.455","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"d9jf-gxk5Cc58R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB088iB01p00677","type":"journal-article"}],"container-title":["Physical Review Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/article\/10.1103\/d9jf-gxk5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/harvest.aps.org\/v2\/journals\/articles\/10.1103\/d9jf-gxk5\/fulltext","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T12:47:13Z","timestamp":1783601233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/d9jf-gxk5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/d9jf-gxk5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.48550\/arXiv.2601.16567","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0031-9007","1079-7114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1079-7114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-23","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"Published by the American Physical Society. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright_statement","label":"Copyright statement","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"2026","name":"copyright_year","label":"Copyright year","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","name":"creative_commons_license","label":"Creative Commons license","group":{"name":"licenses","label":"Licenses"}},{"value":"\u00a92026 The authors","name":"copyright_holder","label":"Copyright holder","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}}],"article-number":"021408"}}