{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:18:29Z","timestamp":1785417509495,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/licenses\/aps-default-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-CRP22-2019-0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-CRP22-2019-0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-CRP30-2023-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-CRP30-2023-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-CRP31-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-CRP31-0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF2023-ITC004-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF2023-ITC004-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-MSG-2023-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-MSG-2023-0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education\u2014Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOE-T2EP50222-0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOE-T2EP50222-0018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education\u2014Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOE-T2EP50221-0009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOE-T2EP50221-0009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03ZK110AB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ZK110AB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101046911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101046911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["856432"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["856432"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007569","name":"Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021254","name":"Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021254","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ASTAR","award":["M24M8b0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M24M8b0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phys. Rev. Lett."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"DOI":"10.1103\/dlzw-dhsr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T16:43:01Z","timestamp":1762792981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Room-Temperature Electrical Readout of Spin Defects in van der Waals Materials"],"prefix":"10.1103","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5119-0452","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shihao","family":"Ru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liheng","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5437-066X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haidong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5199-8785","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhengzhi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3038-5207","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feifei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05v1y0t93","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"China Jiliang University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c4dkn09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhe","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4003-5497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruihua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6926-9984","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Cernansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/032000t02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ulm University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin Hang Tong","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manas","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5242-3644","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Bettiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tgyzw49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National University of Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7154-641X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jesus","family":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/027jrtw17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Majulab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fedor","family":"Jelezko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/032000t02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ulm University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3971-621X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weibo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e7b5302","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanyang Technological University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc1R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-024-01630-y","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc2R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-021-00408-0","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc3R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0136-x","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc4R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2014.276","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc5R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2633-4356\/ac7e9f","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc6R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf3630","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc7R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-0619-6","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc8R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-01887-z","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc9R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c01881","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc10R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24725-1","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc11R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c01722","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc12R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-022-01815-5","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc13R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.1c00320","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc14R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23746149.2023.2206049","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc15R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0124-1","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc16R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51941-2","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc17R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33016-2","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc18R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adk8495","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc19R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.131.116902","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc21R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09392","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc22R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.13.011023","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc23R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.196802","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc24R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b00451","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc25R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24494-x","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc26R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav2789","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc27R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9577","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc28R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.118.037601","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc29R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13545-z","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc30R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.132.146902","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc31R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.128.216402","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc32R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30772-z","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc33R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c04841","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc34R1","unstructured":"See Supplemental Material at http:\/\/link.aps.org\/supplemental\/10.1103\/dlzw-dhsr, which includes Refs.\u00a0[26,31,35], for additional information about the experimental methods and a detailed discussion of experimental and simulation results.","type":"other"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc35R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.132.266801","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc36R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40473-w","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc37R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44494-3","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc38R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/99\/40004","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc39R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-022-01329-8","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc40R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.131.126901","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc41R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys2519","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc42R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam8697","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc43R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.19.034061","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc44R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09258-7","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"dlzw-dhsrCc45R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202414846","type":"journal-article"}],"container-title":["Physical Review Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/article\/10.1103\/dlzw-dhsr","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/harvest.aps.org\/v2\/journals\/articles\/10.1103\/dlzw-dhsr\/fulltext","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T12:40:41Z","timestamp":1763988041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/dlzw-dhsr"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/dlzw-dhsr","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9007","1079-7114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1079-7114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-10","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American Physical Society. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright_statement","label":"Copyright statement","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"2025","name":"copyright_year","label":"Copyright year","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"American Physical Society","name":"copyright_holder","label":"Copyright holder","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}}],"article-number":"220802"}}