{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:05:18Z","timestamp":1789391118210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/licenses\/aps-default-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20240006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20240006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20233001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20233001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021ZD0300700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0300700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021ZD0301500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0301500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JYB2025XDXM112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JYB2025XDXM112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008048","name":"Nanjing University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023284","name":"HFNL","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ZB2026020200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZB2026020200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023284","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Quantum Science and Technology"},{"name":"China Mobile Communications Group"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phys. Rev. Lett."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"DOI":"10.1103\/k9k1-6281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T17:55:20Z","timestamp":1782842120000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental Asynchronous Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Cryptographic Conferencing"],"prefix":"10.1103","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5693-8389","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yifeng","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanjing University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9637-1735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanjing University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanjing University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanjing University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2074-7577","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinghao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanjing University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3472-6497","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shining","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanjing University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0500-5690","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiao-Song","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01rxvg760","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Nanjing University"},{"name":"iangsu Physical Science Research Center"},{"name":"Nanjing University,"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Science and Technology"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c4dkn09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Science and Technology of China"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01jeedh73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hefei National Laboratory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc1R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9288","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc2R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07127","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc3R1","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems, and Signal Processing","author":"C.\u2009H. Bennett","year":"1984","type":"conference-proceedings"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc4R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.67.661","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc5R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.74.145","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc6R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.1301","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc7R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.92.025002","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc8R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AOP.361502","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc9R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.91.057901","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc10R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.230503","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc11R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.230504","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc12R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.98.230501","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc13R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.130502","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc14R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.130503","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc15R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0066-6","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc16R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PRXQuantum.3.020315","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc17R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31534-7","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc18R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2401-y","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc19R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03093-8","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc20R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-023-01166-4","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc21R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.130.210801","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc22R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0766-y","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc23R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba0959","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc24R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.18.024059","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc25R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-025-01052-7","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc26R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.57.822","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc27R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26421\/QIC7.8-1","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc28R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qute.202000025","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc29R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.80.042307","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc30R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.3.013264","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc31R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.11.041016","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc32R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/aa8487","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc33R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/aaec34","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc34R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.090501","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc35R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/ab573e","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc36R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.14.024010","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc37R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/abef98","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc38R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3113939","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc39R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.460725","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc40R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.19.064017","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc41R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/addeec","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc42R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-024-01894-1","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc43R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe0395","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc44R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41534-023-00750-4","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc45R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15043","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc46R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.210803","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc47R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.134.040802","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc48R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/mlgs-g354","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc49R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.130.030801","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc50R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.130.250801","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc51R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.520697","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc52R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.15.021037","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc53R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.15.021066","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc55R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.130.250802","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc56R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/17\/5\/053014","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc57R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.2.043304","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc58R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.16.034017","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc59R1","unstructured":"See Supplemental Material at http:\/\/link.aps.org\/supplemental\/10.1103\/k9k1-6281 for the detailed analysis of the frequency difference estimation method (Sec.\u00a0S3).","type":"other"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc60R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan8083","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc61R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-019-0363-0","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc62R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2358-x","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc63R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06730-0","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc64R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq8982","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc65R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3788\/COL202523.042701","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc66R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0551-y","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc67R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-023-01168-2","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"k9k1-6281Cc68R1","unstructured":"https:\/\/github.com\/NJU-Malab\/AMDI-QCC.","type":"other"}],"container-title":["Physical Review Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/article\/10.1103\/k9k1-6281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/harvest.aps.org\/v2\/journals\/articles\/10.1103\/k9k1-6281\/fulltext","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:32:50Z","timestamp":1789389170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/k9k1-6281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/k9k1-6281","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9007","1079-7114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1079-7114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-13","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Physical Society. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright_statement","label":"Copyright statement","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"2026","name":"copyright_year","label":"Copyright year","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"American Physical Society","name":"copyright_holder","label":"Copyright holder","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}}],"article-number":"120802"}}