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Rev. Lett."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ion acceleration in\n                    <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <a:mi>Z<\/a:mi>\n                    <\/a:math>\n                    -pinch plasmas is traditionally linked to the axial direction of current. Here, we report the radial emission of MeV protons from a low-mass, hydrogen-containing\n                    <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <c:mi>X<\/c:mi>\n                    <\/c:math>\n                    pinch. Proton energies up to 3\u00a0MeV are observed in a hybrid\n                    <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <e:mi>X<\/e:mi>\n                    <\/e:math>\n                    pinch with a\n                    <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <g:mrow>\n                        <g:mn>30<\/g:mn>\n                        <g:mtext>\u2009<\/g:mtext>\n                        <g:mtext>\u2009<\/g:mtext>\n                        <g:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u03bc<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mrow>\n                          <g:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">m<\/g:mi>\n                        <\/g:mrow>\n                      <\/g:mrow>\n                    <\/g:math>\n                    polyethylene fiber at a 400\u00a0kA peak current. The low-mass load, correlation of protons with hard x-rays, and timing of hard x-ray emission point to proton acceleration driven by current disruption following fiber disintegration. A new insight into the acceleration mechanism arises from the use of an interelectrode gap that is too short for magnetic fields to bend axially accelerated protons by\n                    <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <k:mi>\u03c0<\/k:mi>\n                      <k:mo>\/<\/k:mo>\n                      <k:mn>2<\/k:mn>\n                    <\/k:math>\n                    radians; thus, the observed radial emission implies a substantial radial acceleration component. The radial emission also enables\n                    <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <m:mi>X<\/m:mi>\n                    <\/m:math>\n                    -pinch-driven proton radiography, the exceptional potential of which is demonstrated with exploding wires.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1103\/qdgp-tydj","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T12:32:04Z","timestamp":1772195524000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Observation of Radially Emitted Proton Beams from Low-Mass\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <mml:mi>X<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    -Pinch Plasmas"],"prefix":"10.1103","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0510-3653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"D.","family":"Klir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kqpb082","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Czech Technical University in Prague"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8863-6270","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"V.","family":"Munzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kqpb082","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Czech Technical University in Prague"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4703-6022","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.","family":"Novotny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kqpb082","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Czech Technical University in 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Kalantar, An experimental study of the dynamics of X-pinch and Z-pinch plasmas, Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, 1993.","DOI":"10.1109\/PLASMA.1993.593256","type":"other"},{"key":"qdgp-tydjCc29R1","volume-title":"DENSE Z-PINCHES","author":"R.\u2009M. 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Nairne, VII. Electrical experiments by Mr. Edward Nairne, of London, mathematical instrument-maker, made with a machine of his own workmanship, a description of which is prefixed. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London vol.\u00a064, p.\u00a079 (1774).","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1774.0007","type":"other"},{"key":"qdgp-tydjCc42R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPS.2018.2874207","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qdgp-tydjCc43R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.045001","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qdgp-tydjCc44R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.130.205101","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qdgp-tydjCc45R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6084\/m9.figshare.30860120","type":"dataset"}],"container-title":["Physical Review Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/article\/10.1103\/qdgp-tydj","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/harvest.aps.org\/v2\/journals\/articles\/10.1103\/qdgp-tydj\/fulltext","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:16:14Z","timestamp":1790874974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/qdgp-tydj"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/qdgp-tydj","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9007","1079-7114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1079-7114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-24","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"Published by the American Physical Society. 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