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Rev. Lett."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We demonstrate that the Bondi-van der Burg-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) evolution equations for the mass and angular momentum aspects in asymptotically flat Einstein gravity follow from local Carroll, Weyl, and diffeomorphism invariance at the null conformal boundary, upon providing a minimalistic holographic dictionary as the sole input from the bulk. This result is a significant step in the quest for a flat-space holographic correspondence and offers a geometric implementation of the radiative degrees of freedom that source the boundary theory in the presence of bulk gravitational waves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1103\/qv17-ks32","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T15:09:58Z","timestamp":1762182598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Carrollian-Holographic Derivation of Gravitational Flux-Balance Laws"],"prefix":"10.1103","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4520-6286","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adrien","family":"Fiorucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bsd9p69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Centre de Physique Th\u00e9orique\u2014CPHT"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/042tfbd02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0765-8986","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simon","family":"Pekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/004fze387","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05j3snm48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"INFN, Sezione di Trieste"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7945-1773","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"P. 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Jankiewicz","year":"1954","journal-title":"Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. Cl. III"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc67R1","first-page":"47","type":"journal-article","volume":"31","author":"M. Henneaux","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Math. Belg."},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc68R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5030328","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc69R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/JHEP08(2015)069","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc70R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.525169","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc71R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.46.573","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc72R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.48.393","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc73R1","unstructured":"D. Iosifidis, Metric-affine gravity and cosmology\/aspects of torsion and non-metricity in gravity theories, Ph.D. thesis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 2019, https:\/\/www.didaktorika.gr\/eadd\/handle\/10442\/45529.","type":"other"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc74R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjc\/s10052-020-08634-z","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc75R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.10.66","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc76R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1965.0058","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc77R1","unstructured":"Equation\u00a0(4) means that g and \u03c5 are Weyl-covariant objects of respective weights \u22122 and 1.","type":"other"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc78R1","unstructured":"So far, we have only imposed the Einstein equations that provide, in Ashtekar\u2019s terms [29, 70], the \u201ckinematic arena\u201d for formulating the holographic correspondence, i.e., the nature of the boundary (conformal Carroll) and the connection induced on the conformal boundary by the bulk physical Levi\u2013Civita connection. These data must be specified prior to formulating any holographic theory that is dual to Einstein gravity. In AdS, for instance, one typically imposes, consistent with the Einstein equations, that the conformal boundary is Lorentzian, with an effective speed of light proportional to the cosmological constant, and that the boundary connection is the Weyl\u2013Levi\u2013Civita connection.","type":"other"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc79R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511524486.006","type":"book","volume-title":"Conformal Infinity","author":"R. Penrose","year":"1986"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc80R1","first-page":"465","type":"journal-article","volume":"1918","author":"H. Weyl","year":"1918","journal-title":"Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (Math. Phys.)"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc81R1","first-page":"145","type":"journal-article","volume":"4","author":"G.\u2009B. Folland","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Diff. 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Its conservation then follows from diffeomorphism invariance and the matter equations of motion. The only difference here is that the connection includes components not determined by the geometry, thereby increasing the number of background fields.","type":"other"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc91R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21468\/SciPostPhys.5.1.003","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc92R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2022.810405","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc93R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/JHEP09(2023)148","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc94R1","unstructured":"Note that flux-balance equations sharing the same structure as Eq.\u00a0(20) appear while considering the constraints implied by diffeomorphism invariance for relativistic theories coupled with more general connections, i.e., without requiring metric compatibility or a vanishing torsion; see Refs.\u00a0[73, 74] and more recently [95].","type":"other"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc95R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/wby2-d33f","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc96R1","unstructured":"Performing a thorough analysis, one can check that the right side of Eq.\u00a0(20) is a divergence if and only if the hypermomentum \u03a90a associated, in particular, with the \u201cambiguous\u201d part of the boundary connection vanishes. As we show below, the latter is related to the news tensor which encodes the gravitational radiation: sending it to zero would therefore strongly reduce the bulk solution space.","type":"other"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc97R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4877(78)90063-0","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc98R1","unstructured":"Namely, if r is affine, then \u03b2=0 everywhere and our gauge conditions are those fixing Newman\u2013Unti coordinates [48, 99, 100]. Furthermore, if r is Sachs\u2019 luminosity distance (i.e., the radius of expanding null spheres), then our gauge fixing leads to Bondi\u2013Sachs coordinates [17, 18].","type":"other"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc99R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/197385","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc100R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1724303","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc101R1","unstructured":"This is a usual mechanism in Carroll physics; see e.g. Ref.\u00a0[102] for a detailed explanation.","type":"other"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc102R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/JHEP11(2021)180","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc103R1","unstructured":"By this, we mean a transformation k\u21a6eWk, where the function W vanishes at the boundary.","type":"other"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc104R1","first-page":"28","type":"journal-article","volume":"2012","author":"G. Barnich","year":"2012","journal-title":"TSPU Bull."},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc105R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/JHEP11(2018)200","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc106R1","unstructured":"Equation\u00a0(27) reproduces exactly Eq.\u00a0(4.56) of [21], up to three amendements: the sign convention in the variation, the fact that l=0, as it corresponds to \u03b8 here.","type":"other"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc107R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1126-6708\/1998\/07\/023","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc108R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002200050764","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc109R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0217751X0100386X","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc110R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/JHEP10(2020)205","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc111R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/JHEP09(2021)083","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc112R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/JHEP10(2024)250","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc113R1","unstructured":"See also Refs.\u00a0[114, 115] for another proposal for the covariant BMS charges derived from a Wald\u2013Zoupas prescription [30] and based on Geroch\u2019s supermomentum [28].","type":"other"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc114R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.110.044050","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qv17-ks32Cc115R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/JHEP03(2025)048","type":"journal-article"}],"container-title":["Physical Review Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/article\/10.1103\/qv17-ks32","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/harvest.aps.org\/v2\/journals\/articles\/10.1103\/qv17-ks32\/fulltext","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:33:01Z","timestamp":1767184381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/qv17-ks32"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"26","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/qv17-ks32","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.48550\/arXiv.2505.00077","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0031-9007","1079-7114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1079-7114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-09","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"Published by the American Physical Society. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright_statement","label":"Copyright statement","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"2025","name":"copyright_year","label":"Copyright year","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","name":"creative_commons_license","label":"Creative Commons license","group":{"name":"licenses","label":"Licenses"}},{"value":"\u00a92025 The authors","name":"copyright_holder","label":"Copyright holder","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}}],"article-number":"261602"}}