{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:01:29Z","timestamp":1790881289380,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/licenses\/aps-default-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24ZR1453200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24ZR1453200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12222417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12222417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002920","name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17300525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17300525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003803","name":"University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001692","name":"Croucher Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"White Magnolia Talent Program-Pujiang Project","award":["25PJA106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25PJA106"]}]},{"name":"Early Career Scheme","award":["27300924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27300924"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Topics Grant","award":["STG3\/E-704\/23-N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STG3\/E-704\/23-N"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Research Fund","award":["C7015-24GF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C7015-24GF"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Research Fund","award":["C7017-25E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C7017-25E"]}]},{"name":"Areas of Excellence Scheme","award":["AoE\/P-604\/25-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AoE\/P-604\/25-R"]}]},{"name":"New Cornerstone Science Foundation"},{"name":"Xplorer Prize"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phys. Rev. Lett."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"DOI":"10.1103\/qy4y-171h","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:36:19Z","timestamp":1778866579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Non-Abelian Electric Field and\n                    <i>Zitterbewegung<\/i>\n                    on a Photonic Frequency Chain"],"prefix":"10.1103","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2448-1004","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Hong Kong"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8427-8349","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bengy Tsz Tsun","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Hong Kong"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9755-8876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinbing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Hong Kong"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Hong Kong"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ay9v204","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2879-4968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Hong Kong"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02zhqgq86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"The University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"qy4y-171hCc1R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.83.1523","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc2R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/77\/12\/126401","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc3R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crhy.2018.03.002","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc4R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.91.015006","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc5R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjd\/e2020-100571-8","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc6R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2021.0064","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc7R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf9621","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc8R1","volume-title":"Classical Electrodynamics","author":"J.\u2009D. Jackson","year":"2012","type":"book"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc9R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.95.010404","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc10R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.110403","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc11R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09887","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc12R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/78\/2\/026001","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc13R1","volume-title":"Annual Review of Cold Atoms and Molecules","author":"S. Zhang","year":"2015","type":"book"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc14R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3672","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc15R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf6689","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc16R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay4182","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc17R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.5.011034","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc18R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-023-01375-x","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc19R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31529-4","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc20R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abj7667","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc21R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-02028-2","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc22R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-020-00729-z","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc23R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.066402","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc24R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1989-2","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc25R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/83\/54002","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc26R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.153002","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc27R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/15\/7\/073011","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc28R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.143902","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc29R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.88.021604","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc30R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.113903","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc31R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.97.245312","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc32R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.129.130402","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc33R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/23\/14\/143201","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc34R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.427088","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc35R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-023-01162-x","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc36R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10974-8","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc37R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.95.010403","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc38R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.035301","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc39R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-020-00384-7","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc40R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.12.3845","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc41R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.52.2111","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc42R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.33.407","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc43R1","volume-title":"The Geometric Phase in Quantum Systems: Foundations, Mathematical Concepts, and Applications in Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics","author":"A. Bohm","year":"2013","type":"book"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc44R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay3183","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc45R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.073901","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc46R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-020-1007-5","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc47R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00340-007-2865-6","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc48R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51712-z","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc49R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1932-6","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc50R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00833-8","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc51R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.5.001396","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc52R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.93.043827","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc53R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.4.001433","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc54R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-019-0045-3","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc55R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11117-9","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc56R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz3071","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc57R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.89.023619","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc58R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22670-7","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc59R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AOP.418074","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc60R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41567-023-02005-7","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc61R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf6568","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc62R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03848-x","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc63R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-021-00494-w","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc64R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31140-7","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc65R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-024-01727-1","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc67R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3788\/PI.2025.R06","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc68R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.395114","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc69R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33132-z","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc70R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abk0468","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc71R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33529-w","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc72R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-024-01676-9","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc73R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63114-w","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc75R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.130.083601","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc76R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.132.043804","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc77R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.134.163803","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc78R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08259-2","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc79R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65214-z","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc80R1","unstructured":"See Supplemental Material at http:\/\/link.aps.org\/supplemental\/10.1103\/qy4y-171h for further discussions about the experimental results, along with details of experimental implementation, numerical simulation, and theoretical derivation, which includes Refs.\u00a0[51,56,58,61,64,75,77].","type":"other"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc81R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.3.001014","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"qy4y-171hCc82R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau8740","type":"journal-article"}],"container-title":["Physical Review Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/article\/10.1103\/qy4y-171h","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/harvest.aps.org\/v2\/journals\/articles\/10.1103\/qy4y-171h\/fulltext","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:09:36Z","timestamp":1790878176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/qy4y-171h"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/qy4y-171h","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9007","1079-7114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1079-7114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-09","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Physical Society. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright_statement","label":"Copyright statement","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"2026","name":"copyright_year","label":"Copyright year","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"American Physical Society","name":"copyright_holder","label":"Copyright holder","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}}],"article-number":"056901"}}