{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:09:08Z","timestamp":1790723348725,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200021-204076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200021-204076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H05233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H05233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23H02052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23H02052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003382","name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJCR24A5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCR24A5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"World Premier International Research Center Initiative"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.aps.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Phys. Rev. Lett."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Interlayer excitons in semiconducting bilayers separated by insulating hexagonal boron nitride (\n                    <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <a:mrow>\n                        <a:mi>h<\/a:mi>\n                      <\/a:mrow>\n                    <\/a:math>\n                    -BN) layers constitute a promising platform for investigation of strongly correlated bosonic phases. Here, we report an optical method for the generation and characterization of long-lived interlayer excitons. We confirm the presence of tightly bound interlayer excitons by measuring 1s and 2s intralayer excitons in each layer concurrently. Using a pump-probe technique, we find interlayer exciton lifetimes up to\n                    <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <c:mrow>\n                        <c:mn>8.8<\/c:mn>\n                        <c:mtext>\u2009<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mtext>\u2009<\/c:mtext>\n                        <c:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">\u03bc<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">s<\/c:mi>\n                      <\/c:mrow>\n                    <\/c:math>\n                    , increasing with the thickness of the\n                    <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <g:mrow>\n                        <g:mi>h<\/g:mi>\n                      <\/g:mrow>\n                    <\/g:math>\n                    -BN. With optical access to long-lived interlayer excitons, our approach provides a new route to explore degenerate Bose\u2013Fermi mixtures of excitons and itinerant electrons with high spatial and temporal resolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1103\/stgs-2s58","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:38:48Z","timestamp":1762180728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optical Injection and Detection of Long-Lived Interlayer Excitons in van der Waals Heterostructures"],"prefix":"10.1103","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8750-1006","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alperen","family":"T\u00fc\u011fen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a28rw58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9883-9220","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna M.","family":"Seiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a28rw58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Christianen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a28rw58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-8119","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenji","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026v1ze26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Materials Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1467-3105","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takashi","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026v1ze26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Materials Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kroner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a28rw58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0641-1631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ata\u00e7","family":"\u0130mamo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a28rw58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"ETH Zurich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc1R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.107.190401","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc2R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.210401","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc3R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/107\/10012","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc4R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/aa50e3","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc5R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.056902","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc6R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.133.226903","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc7R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10903","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc8R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03947-9","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc9R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43799-7","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc10R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl1829","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc11R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl1839","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc12R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7242","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc13R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw4194","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc14R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2191-2","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc15R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33082-6","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc16R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adr1772","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc17R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/938609","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc18R1","unstructured":"See Supplemental Material at http:\/\/link.aps.org\/supplemental\/10.1103\/stgs-2s58 for experimental details, additional figures and further discussion, which includes Refs.\u00a0[19\u201327].","type":"other"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc19R1","unstructured":"A. Reinhard, Strong photon-photon interactions in solid state cavity QED, Ph.D. thesis, ETH Zurich, 2013.","type":"other"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc20R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.124.187602","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc21R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.10.021024","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc22R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.99.205420","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc23R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.123.097403","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc24R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4774090","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc25R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0193-0","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc26R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c04030","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc27R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj4060","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc28R1","unstructured":"Device 1 shows very weak interlayer PL, whereas no interlayer PL is observed in Device 2 or 3; see Fig.\u00a0S2 in Supplemental Material [18].","type":"other"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc29R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3949","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc30R1","unstructured":"We emphasize that the two types of doping can be spectrally distinguished in WSe2 [21]: the presence of a single attractive polaron (AP) resonance in the WSe2 spectrum unequivocally indicates hole doping since electron doping of WSe2 leads to two AP features associated with the singlet and triplet trions. By contrast, MoSe2 displays a single AP peak under both electron and hole doping. Additional confirmation comes from Device 3, a MoS2\/WSe2 heterostructure, where the MoS2 layer clearly exhibits two AP features under electron doping, consistent with our interpretation of the spectra in Devices 1 and 2 (see Fig.\u00a0S6 [18]).","type":"other"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc31R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.107.155303","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc32R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2868-6","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc33R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c02000","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc34R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/xdcj-cksl","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc35R1","unstructured":"A. Christianen, A.\u2009M. Seiler, A. T\u00fc\u01e7en, and A. \u0130mamo\u01e7lu (to be published).","type":"other"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc36R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevX.15.011049","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc37R1","unstructured":"The parabolic trend in the logarithmic plot in Fig.\u00a04 is clearly visible; similar nonexponential time dependence has also been observed by Cutshall et\u00a0al. [16] in a time-resolved PL measurement.","type":"other"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc38R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.132.056901","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc39R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.185.299","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc40R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.120403","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc41R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys2609","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc42R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.72.075428","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc43R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.76.085304","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc44R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2092-4","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"stgs-2s58Cc45R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3929\/ethz-c-000785878","type":"dataset"}],"container-title":["Physical Review Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/article\/10.1103\/stgs-2s58","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/harvest.aps.org\/v2\/journals\/articles\/10.1103\/stgs-2s58\/fulltext","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:31:12Z","timestamp":1790721072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/stgs-2s58"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/stgs-2s58","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.48550\/arXiv.2506.06098","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0031-9007","1079-7114"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1079-7114","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-06","name":"date_received","label":"Date Received","group":{"name":"publication_dates","label":"Publication dates"}},{"value":"Published by the American Physical Society. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright_statement","label":"Copyright statement","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"2025","name":"copyright_year","label":"Copyright year","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}},{"value":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/","name":"creative_commons_license","label":"Creative Commons license","group":{"name":"licenses","label":"Licenses"}},{"value":"\u00a92025 The authors","name":"copyright_holder","label":"Copyright holder","group":{"name":"copyright","label":"copyright"}}],"article-number":"246502"}}