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Rev. Lett."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We present high-precision spectroscopy of the ground state hyperfine structure of\n                    <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <a:mrow>\n                        <a:msup>\n                          <a:mrow>\n                            <a:mi>HD<\/a:mi>\n                          <\/a:mrow>\n                          <a:mrow>\n                            <a:mo>+<\/a:mo>\n                          <\/a:mrow>\n                        <\/a:msup>\n                      <\/a:mrow>\n                    <\/a:math>\n                    at 4\u00a0T. We determine the bound-electron\n                    <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <c:mi>g<\/c:mi>\n                    <\/c:math>\n                    factor,\n                    <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <e:mrow>\n                        <e:msub>\n                          <e:mrow>\n                            <e:mi>g<\/e:mi>\n                          <\/e:mrow>\n                          <e:mrow>\n                            <e:mi>e<\/e:mi>\n                            <e:mo>,<\/e:mo>\n                            <e:mtext>bound<\/e:mtext>\n                          <\/e:mrow>\n                        <\/e:msub>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mo>\u2212<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>2.002<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mtext>\u2009<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mn>278<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mtext>\u2009<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mn>540<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mtext>\u2009<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mn>96<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>40<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/e:mo>\n                      <\/e:mrow>\n                    <\/e:math>\n                    , to a relative uncertainty of\n                    <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <i:mn>2<\/i:mn>\n                      <i:mo>\u00d7<\/i:mo>\n                      <i:mrow>\n                        <i:msup>\n                          <i:mrow>\n                            <i:mn>10<\/i:mn>\n                          <\/i:mrow>\n                          <i:mrow>\n                            <i:mo>\u2212<\/i:mo>\n                            <i:mn>10<\/i:mn>\n                          <\/i:mrow>\n                        <\/i:msup>\n                      <\/i:mrow>\n                    <\/i:math>\n                    , the most precise determination of a bound-electron\n                    <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <k:mi>g<\/k:mi>\n                    <\/k:math>\n                    factor of a molecular ion to date. The experimental value agrees with recently developed  theory that now includes quantum-electrodynamical effects up to order\n                    <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <m:msup>\n                        <m:mi>\u03b1<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mn>5<\/m:mn>\n                      <\/m:msup>\n                    <\/m:math>\n                    and has reduced the theoretical uncertainty by three orders of magnitude [O. Kullie  , Precision calculation of the bound-electron\n                    <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <o:mi>g<\/o:mi>\n                    <\/o:math>\n                    factor in molecular hydrogen ions, ]. In addition, we extract the scalar spin-spin interaction coefficients\n                    <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <q:mrow>\n                        <q:msub>\n                          <q:mrow>\n                            <q:mi>E<\/q:mi>\n                          <\/q:mrow>\n                          <q:mrow>\n                            <q:mn>4<\/q:mn>\n                          <\/q:mrow>\n                        <\/q:msub>\n                        <q:mo>=<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>925<\/q:mn>\n                        <q:mtext>\u2009<\/q:mtext>\n                        <q:mn>395.758<\/q:mn>\n                        <q:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mn>41<\/q:mn>\n                        <q:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/q:mo>\n                        <q:mtext>\u2009<\/q:mtext>\n                        <q:mtext>\u2009<\/q:mtext>\n                        <q:mi>kHz<\/q:mi>\n                      <\/q:mrow>\n                    <\/q:math>\n                    (electron-proton) and\n                    <u:math xmlns:u=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <u:mrow>\n                        <u:msub>\n                          <u:mrow>\n                            <u:mi>E<\/u:mi>\n                          <\/u:mrow>\n                          <u:mrow>\n                            <u:mn>5<\/u:mn>\n                          <\/u:mrow>\n                        <\/u:msub>\n                        <u:mo>=<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mn>142<\/u:mn>\n                        <u:mtext>\u2009<\/u:mtext>\n                        <u:mn>287.821<\/u:mn>\n                        <u:mo stretchy=\"false\">(<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mn>22<\/u:mn>\n                        <u:mo stretchy=\"false\">)<\/u:mo>\n                        <u:mtext>\u2009<\/u:mtext>\n                        <u:mtext>\u2009<\/u:mtext>\n                        <u:mi>kHz<\/u:mi>\n                      <\/u:mrow>\n                    <\/u:math>\n                    (electron-deuteron), which show a moderate tension with another state-of-the-art theoretical prediction [M. Haidar  , Higher-order corrections to the spin-orbit and spin-spin tensor interactions in\n                    <y:math xmlns:y=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <y:msup>\n                        <y:mi>HD<\/y:mi>\n                        <y:mo>+<\/y:mo>\n                      <\/y:msup>\n                    <\/y:math>\n                    , ].\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1103\/vrl8-bpmz","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T14:19:56Z","timestamp":1771424396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["High-Precision Penning Trap Spectroscopy of the Ground State Spin Structure of\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\">\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:msup>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n       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