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Rev. E"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonthermal photoionized plasmas are now established in the laboratory and require models that treat the atomic processes and electron distribution self-consistently. We investigate the effects of inelastic thermalization in iron under intense x-ray irradiation using the atomic model BigBarT, suited for the self-consistent evolution of the electron continuum, including degeneracy effects. Our study focuses particularly on collisional <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><a:mi>M<\/a:mi><\/a:math>-shell ionization, which we identify as the dominant relaxation process of the nonthermal electrons. 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