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Rev. D"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We show that, for values of the axion decay constant parametrically close to the grand unified theory scale, the Peccei-Quinn phase transition may naturally occur during warm inflation. This results from interactions between the Peccei-Quinn scalar field and the ambient thermal bath, which is sustained by the inflaton field through dissipative effects. It is therefore possible for the axion field to appear as a dynamical degree of freedom only after observable cosmic microwave background scales have become superhorizon, thus avoiding the large-scale axion isocurvature perturbations that typically plague such models. This nevertheless yields a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of axion isocurvature perturbations on small scales, with a density contrast of up to a few percent, which may have a significant impact on the formation of gravitationally bound axion structures such as miniclusters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1103\/t4jl-nbt5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T16:49:40Z","timestamp":1766594980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spontaneous breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry during warm inflation"],"prefix":"10.1103","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o G.","family":"Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04z8k9a98","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of 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