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However, very little is known about its metabolism in higher plant cells. 31P-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biochemical analyses performed on carrot (Daucus carota) cells fed with GroPCho revealed the existence of an extracellular GroPCho phosphodiesterase. This enzymatic activity splits GroPCho into sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and free choline. In vivo, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate is further hydrolyzed into glycerol and inorganic phosphate by acid phosphatase. We visualized the incorporation and the compartmentation of choline and observed that the major choline pool was phosphorylated and accumulated in the cytosol, whereas a minor fraction was incorporated in the vacuole as free choline. Isolation of plasma membranes, culture medium, and cell wall proteins enabled us to localize this phosphodiesterase activity on the cell wall. We also report the existence of an intracellular glycerophosphodiesterase. This second activity is localized in the vacuole and hydrolyzes GroPCho in a similar fashion to the cell wall phosphodiesterase. Both extra- and intracellular phosphodiesterases are widespread among different plant species and are often enhanced during phosphate deprivation. Finally, competition experiments on the extracellular phosphodiesterase suggested a specificity for glycerophosphodiesters (apparentK \u00a0m of 50 \u03bcm), which distinguishes it from other phosphodiesterases previously described in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.003392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,11]],"date-time":"2002-09-11T21:28:03Z","timestamp":1031779683000},"page":"244-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Glycerophosphocholine Metabolism in Higher Plant Cells. 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Structurale, Commissariat a\u0300 l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Gout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Ve\u0301ge\u0301tale, Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 5019 (Commissariat a\u0300 l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier), De\u0301partement de Biologie Mole\u0301culaire et Structurale, Commissariat a\u0300 l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bligny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Ve\u0301ge\u0301tale, Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 5019 (Commissariat a\u0300 l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier), 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