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In this study, the physiology of this AsA deficiency was initially investigated in response to biotic (virulent pathogens) stress and subsequently with regards to the onset of senescence. Infection with either virulent Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasitica resulted in largely reduced bacterial and hyphal growth in the vtc1 mutant in comparison to the wild type. When vitamin c-2 (vtc2), another AsA-deficient mutant, was challenged with P. parasitica, growth of the fungus was also reduced, indicating that the two AsA-deficient mutants are more resistant to these pathogens. Induction of pathogenesis-related proteins PR-1 and PR-5 is significantly higher in vtc1 than in the wild type when challenged with virulent P. syringae. In addition, the vtc1 mutant exhibits elevated levels of some senescence-associated gene (SAG) transcripts as well as heightened salicylic acid levels. Presumably, therefore, low AsA is causing vtc1 to enter at least some stage(s) of senescence prematurely with an accompanying increase in salicylic acid levels that results in a faster induction of defense responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.032185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,14]],"date-time":"2004-04-14T22:18:21Z","timestamp":1081981101000},"page":"1784-1792","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":239,"title":["The Timing of Senescence and Response to Pathogens Is Altered in the Ascorbate-Deficient Arabidopsis Mutant <i>vitamin c-1<\/i>\n\u00a0"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Carina","family":"Barth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (C.B., W.M., D.F.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York College at Cortland, Cortland, New York 13045 (P.L.C.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Moeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (C.B., W.M., D.F.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York College at Cortland, Cortland, New York 13045 (P.L.C.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Klessig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (C.B., W.M., D.F.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York College at Cortland, Cortland, New York 13045 (P.L.C.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia L.","family":"Conklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853 (C.B., W.M., D.F.K.); and Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York College at Cortland, Cortland, New York 13045 (P.L.C.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021062711034898700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Jwa NS, Agrawal VP (2001) Signaling molecules and blast pathogen attack activates rice OsPR1a and OsPR1b genes: a model illustrating components participating during defense\/stress response. 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