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In this study, we show that gibberellin (GA) hormone biosynthesis is regulated by LEC2 and FUS3 pathways. The level of bioactive GAs is increased in immature seeds of lec2 and fus3 mutants relative to wild-type level. In addition, we show that the formation of ectopic trichome cells on lec2 and fus3 embryos is a GA-dependent process as in true leaves, suggesting that the GA pathway is misactivated in embryonic mutants. We next demonstrate that the GA-biosynthesis gene AtGA3ox2, which encodes the key enzyme AtGA3ox2 that catalyzes the conversion of inactive to bioactive GAs, is ectopically activated in embryos of the two mutants. Interestingly, both \u03b2-glucuronidase reporter gene expression and in situ hybridization indicate that FUS3 represses AtGA3ox2 expression mainly in epidermal cells of embryo axis, which is distinct from AtGA3ox2 pattern at germination. Finally, we show that the FUS3 protein physically interacts with two RY elements (CATGCATG) present in the AtGA3ox2 promoter. This work suggests that GA biosynthesis is directly controlled by embryonic regulators during Arabidopsis embryonic development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.104.047266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,12]],"date-time":"2004-11-12T01:29:46Z","timestamp":1100222986000},"page":"3660-3669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":224,"title":["<i>AtGA3ox2,<\/i> a Key Gene Responsible for Bioactive Gibberellin Biosynthesis, Is Regulated during Embryogenesis by <i>LEAFY COTYLEDON2<\/i> and <i>FUSCA3<\/i> in Arabidopsis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Julien","family":"Curaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Plastes et Diffe\u0301renciation Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 5575, Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier, Centre Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromole\u0301cules Organiques B.P. 53, F\u201338041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.C., R.B., M.H., G.V.); Umea Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Plastes et Diffe\u0301renciation Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 5575, Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier, Centre Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromole\u0301cules Organiques B.P. 53, F\u201338041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.C., R.B., M.H., G.V.); Umea Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Blervaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Plastes et Diffe\u0301renciation Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 5575, Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier, Centre Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromole\u0301cules Organiques B.P. 53, F\u201338041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.C., R.B., M.H., G.V.); Umea Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franc\u0327ois","family":"Parcy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Plastes et Diffe\u0301renciation Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 5575, Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier, Centre Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromole\u0301cules Organiques B.P. 53, F\u201338041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.C., R.B., M.H., G.V.); Umea Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vered","family":"Raz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Plastes et Diffe\u0301renciation Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 5575, Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier, Centre Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromole\u0301cules Organiques B.P. 53, F\u201338041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.C., R.B., M.H., G.V.); Umea Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Plastes et Diffe\u0301renciation Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 5575, Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier, Centre Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromole\u0301cules Organiques B.P. 53, F\u201338041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.C., R.B., M.H., G.V.); Umea Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Vachon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Plastes et Diffe\u0301renciation Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite\u0301 Mixte de Recherche 5575, Universite\u0301 Joseph Fourier, Centre Etude et de Recherche sur les Macromole\u0301cules Organiques B.P. 53, F\u201338041 Grenoble cedex 9, France (J.C., R.B., M.H., G.V.); Umea Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021050606580146300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumlein H, Misera S, Luerssen H, Kolle K, Horstmann C, Wobus U, Muller AJ (1994) The FUS3 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is a regulator of gene expression during late embryogenesis. 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