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CYP80B1 catalyzes the second to last step in the formation of (S)-reticuline, the last common intermediate in sanguinarine and morphine biosynthesis. BBE converts (S)-reticuline to (S)-scoulerine as the first committed step in sanguinarine biosynthesis, and COR catalyzes the penultimate step in the branch pathway leading to morphine. Sanguinarine is an antimicrobial alkaloid that accumulates in the vacuoles of cultured opium poppy cells in response to elicitor treatment, whereas the narcotic analgesic morphine, which is abundant in opium poppy plants, is not produced in cultured cells. CYP80B1 and BBE were rapidly induced to high levels in response to elicitor treatment. By contrast, COR levels were constitutive in the cell cultures, but remained low and were not induced by addition of the elicitor. Western blots performed on protein homogenates from elicitor-treated cells fractionated on a sucrose density gradient showed the cosedimentation of CYP80B1, BBE, and sanguinarine with calreticulin, and COR with glutathione S-transferase. Calreticulin and glutathione S-transferase are markers for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the cytosol, respectively. In response to elicitor treatment, large dilated vesicles rapidly developed from the lamellar ER of control cells and fused with the central vacuole. Immunogold localization supported the association of CYP80B1 and BBE with ER vesicles, and COR with the cytosol in elicitor-treated cells. Our results show that benzylisoquinoline biosynthesis and transport to the vacuole are associated with the ER, which undergoes major ultrastructural modification in response to the elicitor treatment of cultured opium poppy cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.059287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,23]],"date-time":"2005-04-23T00:26:15Z","timestamp":1114215975000},"page":"173-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Sanguinarine Biosynthesis Is Associated with the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Cultured Opium Poppy Cells after Elicitor Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Joenel","family":"Alcantara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 (J.A., D.A.B., P.J.F.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164\u20134236 (V.R.F.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 (J.A., D.A.B., P.J.F.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164\u20134236 (V.R.F.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent R.","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 (J.A., D.A.B., P.J.F.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164\u20134236 (V.R.F.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Facchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 (J.A., D.A.B., P.J.F.); and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164\u20134236 (V.R.F.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021062609233270000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Achnine L, Blancaflor EB, Rasmussen S, Dixon RA (2004) Colocalization of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase for metabolic channeling in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. 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