{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:55:04Z","timestamp":1789433704495,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3833,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in a large number of countries. Biofortification of major staple crops (wheat [Triticum aestivum], rice [Oryza sativa], maize [Zea mays], and potato [Solanum tuberosum]) with \u03b2-carotene has the potential to alleviate this nutritional problem. Previously, we engineered transgenic \u201cGolden\u201d potato tubers overexpressing three bacterial genes for \u03b2-carotene synthesis (CrtB, CrtI, and CrtY, encoding phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, and lycopene \u03b2-cyclase, respectively) and accumulating the highest amount of \u03b2-carotene in the four aforementioned crops. Here, we report the systematic quantitation of carotenoid metabolites and transcripts in 24 lines carrying six different transgene combinations under the control of the 35S and Patatin (Pat) promoters. Low levels of B-I expression are sufficient for interfering with leaf carotenogenesis, but not for \u03b2-carotene accumulation in tubers and calli, which requires high expression levels of all three genes under the control of the Pat promoter. Tubers expressing the B-I transgenes show large perturbations in the transcription of endogenous carotenoid genes, with only minor changes in carotenoid content, while the opposite phenotype (low levels of transcriptional perturbation and high carotenoid levels) is observed in Golden (Y-B-I) tubers. We used hierarchical clustering and pairwise correlation analysis, together with a new method for network correlation analysis, developed for this purpose, to assess the perturbations in transcript and metabolite levels in transgenic leaves and tubers. Through a \u201cguilt-by-profiling\u201d approach, we identified several endogenous genes for carotenoid biosynthesis likely to play a key regulatory role in Golden tubers, which are candidates for manipulations aimed at the further optimization of tuber carotenoid content.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.110.159368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,30]],"date-time":"2010-07-30T02:23:58Z","timestamp":1280456638000},"page":"899-912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Transcriptional-Metabolic Networks in \u03b2-Carotene-Enriched Potato Tubers: The Long and Winding Road to the Golden Phenotype\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\u00a0"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Diretto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Center, Rome 00123, Italy (G.D., R.T., F.S., V.P., M.M., G.G.); Center for Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Biology, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (S.A.-B., P.B.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Al-Babili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Center, Rome 00123, Italy (G.D., R.T., F.S., V.P., M.M., G.G.); Center for Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Biology, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (S.A.-B., P.B.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaela","family":"Tavazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Center, Rome 00123, Italy (G.D., R.T., F.S., V.P., M.M., G.G.); Center for Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Biology, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (S.A.-B., P.B.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Scossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Center, Rome 00123, Italy (G.D., R.T., F.S., V.P., M.M., G.G.); Center for Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Biology, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (S.A.-B., P.B.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velia","family":"Papacchioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Center, Rome 00123, Italy (G.D., R.T., F.S., V.P., M.M., G.G.); Center for Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Biology, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (S.A.-B., P.B.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melania","family":"Migliore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Center, Rome 00123, Italy (G.D., R.T., F.S., V.P., M.M., G.G.); Center for Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Biology, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (S.A.-B., P.B.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Beyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Center, Rome 00123, Italy (G.D., R.T., F.S., V.P., M.M., G.G.); Center for Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Biology, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (S.A.-B., P.B.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Giuliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Center, Rome 00123, Italy (G.D., R.T., F.S., V.P., M.M., G.G.); Center for Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Biology, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany (S.A.-B., P.B.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022122007234839700_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erj086","article-title":"Exploring the potential of the bacterial carotene desaturase CrtI to increase the beta-carotene content in Golden Rice","volume":"57","author":"Al-Babili","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp 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