{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:51:17Z","timestamp":1789725077866,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3303,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To analyze the copper-induced cross talk among calcium, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the calcium-dependent activation of gene expression, the marine alga Ulva compressa was treated with the inhibitors of calcium channels, ned-19, ryanodine, and xestospongin C, of chloroplasts and mitochondrial electron transport chains, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and antimycin A, of pyruvate dehydrogenase, moniliformin, of calmodulins, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalene sulfonamide, and of calcium-dependent protein kinases, staurosporine, as well as with the scavengers of NO, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, and of H2O2, ascorbate, and exposed to a sublethal concentration of copper (10 \u03bcm) for 24 h. The level of NO increased at 2 and 12 h. The first peak was inhibited by ned-19 and 3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and the second peak by ned-19 and antimycin A, indicating that NO synthesis is dependent on calcium release and occurs in organelles. The level of H2O2 increased at 2, 3, and 12 h and was inhibited by ned-19, ryanodine, xestospongin C, and moniliformin, indicating that H2O2 accumulation is dependent on calcium release and Krebs cycle activity. In addition, pyruvate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoxglutarate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities of the Krebs cycle increased at 2, 3, 12, and\/or 14 h, and these increases were inhibited in vitro by EGTA, a calcium chelating agent. Calcium release at 2, 3, and 12 h was inhibited by 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide and ascorbate, indicating activation by NO and H2O2. In addition, the level of antioxidant protein gene transcripts decreased with N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphtalene sulfonamide and staurosporine. Thus, there is a copper-induced cross talk among calcium, H2O2, and NO and a calcium-dependent activation of gene expression involving calmodulins and calcium-dependent protein kinases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.111.191759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T05:30:51Z","timestamp":1326259851000},"page":"1451-1462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":168,"title":["Cross Talk among Calcium, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Nitric Oxide and Activation of Gene Expression Involving Calmodulins and Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in <i>Ulva compressa<\/i> Exposed to Copper Excess\n\u00a0\n\u00a0\n\u00a0"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. de los \u00c1ngeles","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Josefa","family":"Henr\u00edquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo A.","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Moenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de 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