{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:45:29Z","timestamp":1790487929664,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]],"date-time":"2013-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pseudozyma spp. are yeast-like fungi, classified in the Ustilaginales, which are mostly epiphytic or saprophytic and are not pathogenic to plants. Several Pseudozyma species have been reported to exhibit biological activity against powdery mildews. However, previous studies have reported that Pseudozyma aphidis, which can colonize plant surfaces, is not associated with the \u200e\u200ecollapse of powdery \u200emildew colonies. In this report, we describe a novel P. aphidis strain and study its interactions with its plant host and the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. This isolate was found to secrete extracellular metabolites that inhibit various fungal pathogens in vitro and significantly reduce B. cinerea infection in vivo. Moreover, P. aphidis sensitized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants\u2019 defense machinery via local and systemic induction of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 (PR1) and PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2) expression. P. aphidis also reduced B. cinerea infection, locally and systemically, in Arabidopsis mutants impaired in jasmonic acid (JA) or salicylic acid (SA) signaling. Thus, in addition to direct inhibition, P. aphidis may inhibit B. cinerea infection via induced resistance in a manner independent of SA, JA, and Nonexpressor of PR1 (NPR1). P. aphidis primed the plant defense machinery and induced stronger activation of PDF1.2 after B. cinerea infection. Finally, P. aphidis fully or partially reconstituted PR1 and PDF1.2 expression in npr1-1 mutant and in plants with the SA hydroxylase NahG transgene, but not in a jasmonate resistant1-1 mutant, after B. cinerea infection, suggesting that P. aphidis can bypass the SA\/NPR1, but not JA, pathway to activate PR genes. Thus, either partial gene activation is sufficient to induce resistance, or the resistance is not directed solely through PR1 and PDF1.2 but probably through other pathogen-resistance genes or pathways as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.112.212969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,7]],"date-time":"2013-02-07T02:21:28Z","timestamp":1360203688000},"page":"2014-2022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["The Epiphytic Fungus\n                    <i>Pseudozyma aphidis<\/i>\n                    Induces Jasmonic Acid- and Salicylic Acid\/Nonexpressor of PR1-Independent Local and Systemic Resistance\n\u00a0\n\u00a0"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Kobi","family":"Buxdorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ido","family":"Rahat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aviva","family":"Gafni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021041916150460500_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-97-4-0429","article-title":"Systemic modulation of gene expression in tomato by Trichoderma hamatum 382","volume":"97","author":"Alfano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1139\/w04-073","article-title":"Effect of foliar disease on the epiphytic yeast communities of creeping bentgrass and tall fescue","volume":"50","author":"Allen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.2.956-960.2001","article-title":"Specificity and mode of action of the antifungal fatty acid cis-9-heptadecenoic acid produced by Pseudozyma flocculosa.","volume":"67","author":"Avis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b4","first-page":"5","article-title":"Mechanisms and means of detection of biocontrol activity of Pseudozyma yeasts against plant-pathogenic fungi","volume":"2","author":"Avis","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO.2001.91.3.249","article-title":"Molecular and physiological analysis of the powdery mildew antagonist Pseudozyma flocculosa and related fungi","volume":"91","author":"Avis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b6"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1536(77)80146-0","article-title":"Environmental factors limiting growth of Sporobolomyces roseus, an antagonist of Cochliobolus sativus, on wheat leaves","volume":"68","author":"Bashi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Trans Br Mycol Soc"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-872705","article-title":"Fine-Tuning Plant Defence Signalling: Salicylate versus Jasmonate","volume":"8","author":"Beckers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Biol (Stuttg)"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1017\/S0953756299001161","article-title":"Phylogenetic placements of ustilaginomycetous anamorphs as deduced from nuclear LSU rDNA sequences","volume":"104","author":"Begerow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mycol Res"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1094\/PD-78-0420","article-title":"Commercial-scale control of rose powdery mildew with a fungal antagonist","volume":"78","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant Dis"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02522465","article-title":"Influence of a subinhibitory dose of antifungal fatty acids from Sporothrix flocculosa on cellular lipid composition in fungi","volume":"31","author":"Benyagoub","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.12.004","article-title":"Isolation of epiphytic yeasts with potential for biocontrol of Aspergillus carbonarius and A. niger on grape","volume":"108","author":"Bleve","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"2021041916150460500_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2323\/jgam.41.359","article-title":"Pseudozyma Bandoni emend. 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