{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T18:56:23Z","timestamp":1787856983073,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]],"date-time":"1996-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":849398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) and related species, (S)-reticuline serves as a branch-point intermediate in the biosynthesis of numerous isoquinoline alkaloids. The berberine bridge enzyme (BBE) ([S]-reticuline:oxygen oxidoreductase [methylene bridge forming], EC 1.5.3.9) catalyzes the stereospecific conversion of the N-methyl moiety of (S)-reticuline into the berberine bridge carbon of (S)-scoulerine and represents the first committed step in the pathway leading to the antimicrobial alkaloid sanguinarine. Three unique genomic clones (bbe1, bbe2, and bbe3) similar to a BBE cDNA from Eschscholtzia californica (California poppy) were isolated from opium poppy. Two clones (bbe2 and bbe3) contained frame-shift mutations of which bbe2 was identified as a putative, nonexpressed pseudogene by RNA blot hybridization using a gene-specific probe and by the lack of transient expression of a chimeric gene fusion between the bbe2 5[prime] flanking region and a \u03b2-glucuronidase reporter gene. Similarly, bbe1 was shown to be expressed in opium poppy plants and cultured cells. Genomic DNA blot-hybridization data were consistent with a limited number of bbe homologs. RNA blot hybridization showed that bbe genes are expressed in roots and stems of mature plants and in seedlings within 3 d after germination. Rapid and transient BBE mRNA accumulation also occurred after treatment with a fungal elicitor or with methyl jasmonate. However, sanguinarine was found only in roots, seedlings, and fungal elicitor-treated cell cultures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.112.4.1669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T05:00:20Z","timestamp":1027746020000},"page":"1669-1677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Berberine Bridge Enzyme Genes from Opium Poppy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"P. J.","family":"Facchini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Penzes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. G.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Bull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"container-title":["Plant Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/plphys\/article-pdf\/112\/4\/1669\/38697002\/plphys_v112_4_1669.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/plphys\/article-pdf\/112\/4\/1669\/38697002\/plphys_v112_4_1669.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T13:34:15Z","timestamp":1624628055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/plphys\/article\/112\/4\/1669\/6070383"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1104\/pp.112.4.1669","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-2548","0032-0889"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-2548","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0032-0889","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]}}}