{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:41:59Z","timestamp":1789728119408,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]],"date-time":"1999-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":917827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In legume nodules the [O2] in the infected cells limits respiration and nitrogenase activity, becoming more severe if nodules are exposed to subambient O2 levels. To identify the site of O2 limitation, adenylate pools were measured in soybean (Glycine max) nodules that were frozen in liquid N2 before being ground, lyophilized, sonicated, and separated on density gradients of nonaqueous solvents (heptane\/tetrachloroethylene) to yield fractions enriched in bacteroid or plant components. In nodules maintained in air, the adenylate energy charge (AEC = [ATP + 0.5 ADP]\/[ATP + ADP + AMP]) was lower in the plant compartment (0.65 \u00b1 0.04) than in the bacteroids (0.76 \u00b1 0.095), but did not change when the nodulated root system was exposed to 10% O2. In contrast, 10% O2decreased the bacteroid AEC to 0.56 \u00b1 0.06, leading to the conclusion that they are the primary site of O2 limitation in nodules. To account for the low but unchanged AEC in the plant compartment and for the evidence that mitochondria are localized in O2-enriched microenvironments adjacent to intercellular spaces, we propose that steep adenylate gradients may exist between the site of ATP synthesis (and ADP use) in the mitochondria and the extra-mitochondrial sites of ATP use (and ADP production) throughout the large, infected cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.119.2.399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T05:00:20Z","timestamp":1027746020000},"page":"399-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Site of Oxygen Limitation in Soybean Nodules1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Monika M.","family":"Kuzma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Biosciences Complex, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6 (M.M.K., D.B.L.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607 (H.W.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Storer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany Department, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia (P.S., C.A.A.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Oresnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 (I.O.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany Department, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia (P.S., C.A.A.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Layzell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Biosciences Complex, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6 (M.M.K., D.B.L.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021050311365508000_R1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Preparation and use of Lb for evaluating biological nitrogen fixation.","volume-title":"Methods for Evaluating Biological Nitrogen Fixation.","author":"Appleby","year":"1980"},{"key":"2021050311365508000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-328X(80)80077-8","article-title":"Evidence for a purine pathway of ureide synthesis in nitrogen-fixing nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp).","volume":"97","author":"Atkins","year":"1980","journal-title":"Z 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