{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:21:19Z","timestamp":1791292879316,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In root hairs of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), the requirement of Ca2+for Nod factor signaling has been investigated by means of ion-selective microelectrodes. Measured 50 to 100 \u03bcm behind the growing tip, 0.1 \u03bcm NodRm-IV(C16:2,S) increased the cytosolic free [Ca2+] by about 0.2 pCa, while the same concentration of chitotetraose, the nonactive glucosamine backbone, had no effect. We demonstrate that NodRm-IV(C16:2,S) still depolarized the plasma membrane at external Ca2+ concentrations below cytosolic values if the free EGTA concentration remained low (\u22640.01 mm). Externally added Sr2+ was able to replace Ca2+, and to some extent even enhanced the Nod-factor-induced depolarization, whereas with Mg2+ it was decreased. This suggests that the Nod factor response is triggered by Ca2+ from external stores. The addition of the endomembrane Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor 2,5-di(t-butyl)-1,4-benzohydroquinone, which presumably mobilizes Ca2+ from Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive stores, mimicked the Nod factor response, i.e. increased the cytosolic free [Ca2+], triggered Cl\u2212-efflux, depolarized the plasma membrane, and alkalized the root hair space. In all cases a refractory state toward Nod factor perception was produced, indicating a shortcut of Nod factor signal transduction by releasing Ca2+ from internal stores. These latter results strongly support the idea that an elevation of cytosolic free [Ca2+] is indispensable for the transduction of the Nod factor signal, which is consistent with the role of Ca2+ as a second messenger.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.121.1.273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T05:01:20Z","timestamp":1027746080000},"page":"273-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Elevation of the Cytosolic Free [Ca2+] Is Indispensable for the Transduction of the Nod Factor Signal in Alfalfa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Hubert H.","family":"Felle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Botanisches Institut I, Justus-Liebig-Universita\u0308t, Senckenbergstrasse 17, D\u201335390 Giessen, Germany 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