{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:16:41Z","timestamp":1791109001375,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Copper tolerance among Arabidopsis ecotypes is inversely correlated with long-term K+ leakage and positively correlated with short-term K+ leakage (A. Murphy, L. Taiz [1997] New Phytol 136: 211\u2013222). To probe the mechanism of the early phase of K+ efflux, we tested various channel blockers on copper and peroxide-induced K+efflux from seedling roots. The K+ channel blockers tetraethyl ammonium chloride and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) both inhibited short-term copper-induced K+ efflux. In contrast, peroxide-induced K+ efflux was insensitive to both tetraethyl ammonium chloride and 4-AP. Copper-induced lipid peroxidation exhibited a lag time of 4 h, while peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation began immediately. These results suggest that short-term copper-induced K+ efflux is mediated by channels, while peroxide-induced K+ efflux represents leakage through nonspecific lesions in the lipid bilayer. Tracer studies with 86Rb+ confirmed that copper promotes K+ efflux rather than inhibiting K+uptake. Short-term K+ release is electroneutral, since electrophysiological measurements indicated that copper does not cause membrane depolarization. Short-term K+ efflux was accompanied by citrate release, and copper increased total citrate levels. Since citrate efflux was blocked by 4-AP, K+appears to serve as a counterion during copper-induced citrate efflux. As copper but not aluminum selectively induces citrate production and release, it is proposed that copper may inhibit a cytosolic form of aconitase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.121.4.1375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T05:01:20Z","timestamp":1027746080000},"page":"1375-1382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Early Copper-Induced Leakage of K+ from Arabidopsis Seedlings Is Mediated by Ion Channels and Coupled to Citrate Efflux"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Angus S.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 (A.S.M., L.T.);"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Eisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053 (W.R.E.); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon E.","family":"Shaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Lab, United States Department of Agriculture\u2013Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (J.E.S., L.V.K.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon V.","family":"Kochian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Lab, United States Department of Agriculture\u2013Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (J.E.S., L.V.K.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lincoln","family":"Taiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 (A.S.M., 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