{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:43:27Z","timestamp":1790905407141,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Auxin\/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux\/IAA) genes encode short-lived transcription factors that are induced as a primary response to the plant growth hormone IAA or auxin. Gain-of-function mutations in Arabidopsis genes,SHY2\/IAA3, AXR3\/IAA17, andAXR2\/IAA7 cause pleiotropic phenotypes consistent with enhanced auxin responses, possibly by increasing Aux\/IAA protein stability. Semidominant mutations shy2-1D,shy2-2, axr3-1, and axr2-1induce ectopic light responses in dark-grown seedlings. Because genetic studies suggest that the shy2-1D andshy2-2 mutations bypass phytochrome requirement for certain aspects of photomorphogenesis, we tested whether SHY2\/IAA3 and related Aux\/IAA proteins interact directly with phytochrome and whether they are substrates for its protein kinase activity. Here we show that recombinant Aux\/IAA proteins from Arabidopsis and pea (Pisum sativum) interact in vitro with recombinant phytochrome A from oat (Avena sativa). We further show that recombinant SHY2\/IAA3, AXR3\/IAA17, IAA1, IAA9, and Ps-IAA4 are phosphorylated by recombinant oat phytochrome A in vitro. Deletion analysis of Ps-IAA4 indicates that phytochrome A phosphorylation occurs on the N-terminal half of the protein. Metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation studies with affinity-purified antibodies to IAA3 demonstrate increased in vivo steady-state levels of mutant IAA3 in shy2-2 plants and phosphorylation of the SHY2-2 protein in vivo. Phytochrome-dependent phosphorylation of Aux\/IAA proteins is proposed to provide one molecular mechanism for integrating auxin and light signaling in plant development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.124.4.1728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T05:01:38Z","timestamp":1027746098000},"page":"1728-1738","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["Aux\/IAA Proteins Are Phosphorylated by Phytochrome in Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Ada\u0301n","family":"Colo\u0301n-Carmona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vegetable Crops (A.C.-C., D.L.C., S.A.) and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna L.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vegetable Crops (A.C.-C., D.L.C., S.A.) and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Chen","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.-C.Y.), University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vegetable Crops (A.C.-C., D.L.C., S.A.) and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021062511061647600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1995.0454","article-title":"The PS-IAA4\/5-like family of early auxin-inducible mRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana.","volume":"251","author":"Abel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mol 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