{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:17:03Z","timestamp":1791829023192,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Salicylic acid (SA) is a key endogenous component of local and systemic disease resistance in plants. In this study, we investigated the role of benzoic acid (BA) as precursor of SA biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun NN) plants undergoing a hypersensitive response following infection with tobacco mosaic virus or in tobacco cell suspensions elicited with \u03b2-megaspermin, an elicitor from Phytophthora megasperma. We found a small pool of conjugated BA in healthy leaves and untreated cell suspensions of tobacco, whereas free BA levels were barely detectable. Infection of plants with tobacco mosaic virus or elicitation of cells led to a rapid de novo synthesis and accumulation of conjugated BA, whereas free BA was weakly induced. In presence of diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of superoxide anion formation, SA accumulation was abolished in elicited cells and much higher BA levels were concomitantly induced, mainly as a conjugated form. Furthermore, piperonylic acid, an inhibitor of cinnamate-4-hydroxylase was used as a powerful tool to redirect the metabolic flow from the main phenylpropanoid pathway into the SA biosynthetic branch. Under these conditions, in vivo labeling and radioisotope dilution experiments with [14C]trans-cinnamic acid as precursor clearly indicated that the free form of BA produced in elicited tobacco cells is not the major precursor of SA biosynthesis. The main conjugated form of BA accumulating after elicitation of tobacco cells was identified for the first time as benzoyl-glucose. Our data point to the likely role of conjugated forms of BA in SA biosynthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.125.1.318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T04:59:39Z","timestamp":1027745979000},"page":"318-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Free and Conjugated Benzoic Acid in Tobacco Plants and Cell Cultures. Induced Accumulation upon Elicitation of Defense Responses and Role as Salicylic Acid Precursors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Chong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Biologie Mole\u0301culaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite\u0301 Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France (J.C., M.-A.P., R.A., B.F., P.S.); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Agne\u0300s","family":"Pierrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Biologie Mole\u0301culaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite\u0301 Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France (J.C., M.-A.P., R.A., B.F., P.S.); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossitza","family":"Atanassova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Biologie Mole\u0301culaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite\u0301 Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France (J.C., M.-A.P., R.A., B.F., P.S.); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danie\u0300le","family":"Werck-Reichhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Biologie Mole\u0301culaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite\u0301 Louis Pasteur, 67083 Strasbourg cedex, France (D.W.-R.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Fritig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Biologie Mole\u0301culaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite\u0301 Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France (J.C., M.-A.P., R.A., B.F., P.S.); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Saindrenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Biologie Mole\u0301culaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite\u0301 Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France (J.C., M.-A.P., R.A., B.F., P.S.); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021062511185344700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-9-0214","article-title":"Occurence among Phytophthora species of a glycoprotein eliciting a hypersensitive response in tobacco and its relationships with elicitins.","volume":"9","author":"Baillieul","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Plant-Microbe Interact"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1995.8040551.x","article-title":"A new elicitor of the hypersensitive response in tobacco: a fungal glycoprotein elicits cell death, expression of defense genes, production of salicylic acid, and induction of systemic acquired resistance.","volume":"8","author":"Baillieul","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.2307\/3869945","article-title":"Characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant that is non-responsive to inducters of systemic acquired resistance.","volume":"6","author":"Cao","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.117.3.1095","article-title":"The biosynthesis of salicylic acid in potato plants.","volume":"117","author":"Coquoz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6602","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.14.6602","article-title":"Arabidopsis signal transduction mutant defective in chemically and biologically induced disease resistance.","volume":"92","author":"Delaney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1126\/science.266.5188.1247","article-title":"A central role of salicylic acid in plant disease resistance.","volume":"266","author":"Delaney","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1997.10.5.646","article-title":"Spatial and temporal induction of cell death, defense genes, and accumulation of salicylic acid in tobacco leaves reacting hypersensitively to a fungal glycoprotein elicitor.","volume":"10","author":"Dorey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Plant-Microbe Interact"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.121.1.163","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide from the oxidative burst is neither necessary nor sufficient for hypersensitive cell death induction, phenylalanine ammonia lyase stimulation, salicylic acid accumulation, or scopoletin consumption in cultured tobacco cells treated with elicitin.","volume":"121","author":"Dorey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(11)81146-6","article-title":"Conjugation and metabolism of salicylic acid in tobacco.","volume":"143","author":"Edwards","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(90)85030-J","article-title":"Metabolic fate of cinnamic acid in elicitor treated cell suspension cultures of Phaseolus vulgaris.","volume":"29","author":"Edwards","year":"1990","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01257-5","article-title":"Two tobacco genes induced by infection, elicitor and salicylic acid encode glucosyltransferases acting on phenylpropanoids and benzoic acid derivatives, including salicylic acid.","volume":"437","author":"Fraissinet-Tachet","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s002990050410","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight precursors for defense-related cell wall hydroxycinnamoyl esters in elicited parsley suspension cultures.","volume":"17","author":"Franke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)88979-7","article-title":"Conversion of p-coumaric acid to p-hydroxybenzoic acid by cell-free extracts of potato tubers and Polyporus hispidus.","volume":"15","author":"French","year":"1976","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(73)90177-3","article-title":"Changes in the metabolism of phenolic compounds during the hypersensitive reaction of tobacco to TMV.","volume":"55","author":"Fritig","year":"1972","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.94.1.102","article-title":"Phenylpropanoid metabolism in suspension cultures of Vanilla planifolia Andr.: III. Conversion of 4-methoxycinnamic acids into 4-hydroxybenzoic acids.","volume":"94","author":"Funk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1126\/science.261.5122.754","article-title":"Requirement of salicylic acid for the induction of systemic aquired resistance.","volume":"261","author":"Gaffney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2430709","article-title":"Ferrous-salt-promoted damage to deoxyribose and benzoate: the increased effectiveness of hydroxyl-radical scavengers in the presence of EDTA.","volume":"243","author":"Gutteridge","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(88)80121-3","article-title":"Glucosides and glucose esters of hydroxybenzoic acids in plants.","volume":"27","author":"Klick","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.4.1673","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide stimulates salicylic acid biosynthesis in tobacco.","volume":"108","author":"Leon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10413","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.22.10413","article-title":"Benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase, a soluble oxygenase from tobacco, catalyzes salicylic acid biosynthesis.","volume":"92","author":"Leon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.1.271","article-title":"Biosynthesis of p-hydroxybenzoate from p-coumarate and p-coumaroyl-coenzyme A in cell-free extracts of Lithospermum erythrorhizon cell culture.","volume":"106","author":"Lo\u0308scher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1126\/science.250.4983.1002","article-title":"Salicylic acid: a likely endogenous signal in the resistance response of tobacco to viral infection.","volume":"250","author":"Malamy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00177a024","article-title":"Hepatic \u03b2-oxidation of 3-phenylpropionic acid and the stereospecific dehydration of (R)- and (S)-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionyl-CoA by different enoyl-CoA hydratases.","volume":"33","author":"Mao","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2307\/3870265","article-title":"Production of salicylic acid precursors is a major function of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in the resistance of Arabidopsis to Peronospora parasitica.","volume":"8","author":"Mauch-Mani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1126\/science.250.4983.1004","article-title":"Increase in salicylic acid at the onset of systemic acquired resistance in cucumber.","volume":"250","author":"Me\u0301traux","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.3.1107","article-title":"Local and systemic biosynthesis of salicylic acid in infected cucumber plants.","volume":"109","author":"Meuwly","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62452-3","article-title":"Tobacco BY-2 cell line as the \u201cHela\u201d cell in the biology of higher plants.","volume":"132","author":"Nagata","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int Rev Cytol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R28","first-page":"1393","article-title":"Salicylic acid induction-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis express PR-2 and PR-5 and accumulate high levels of camalexin after pathogen inoculation.","volume":"11","author":"Nawrath","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2900041","article-title":"Studies on the inhibitory mechanism of iodonium compounds with special reference to neutrophil NADPH oxidase.","volume":"290","author":"O'Donnell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.11.8.1537","article-title":"Transgene-mediated and elicitor-induced perturbation of metabolic channeling at the entry point into the phenylpropanoid pathway.","volume":"11","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1995.7020245.x","article-title":"Cell cycle-regulated histone gene expression in synchronized plant cells.","volume":"7","author":"Reichheld","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(89)90376-7","article-title":"The biosynthesis of phytoalexins in Dianthus caryophyllus L. cell cultures: induction of benzoylCoA:anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase activity.","volume":"275","author":"Reinhard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.118.2.565","article-title":"Intermediates of salicylic acid biosynthesis in tobacco.","volume":"118","author":"Ribnicky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.118.1.209","article-title":"Piperonylic acid, a selective, mechanism-based inactivator of the trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase: a new tool to control the flux of metabolites in the phenylpropanoid pathway.","volume":"118","author":"Schalk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00197054","article-title":"Biosynthesis of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in elicitor-treated carrot cell cultures.","volume":"188","author":"Schnitzler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7306(08)60503-7","article-title":"Salicylic acid: signal perception and transduction.","volume-title":"Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Hormones.","author":"Shah","year":"1999"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.35.1.235","article-title":"Systemic acquired resistance.","volume":"35","author":"Sticher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Phytopathol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(91)90277-P","article-title":"Purification and characterization of p-coumaroyl-d-glucose hydroxylase of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) roots.","volume":"284","author":"Tanaka","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)89962-8","article-title":"Phenolic compounds and the hypersensitive reaction in Nicotiana tabacum infected with tobacco mosaic virus.","volume":"11","author":"Tanguy","year":"1972","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.2307\/3870006","article-title":"Salicylic acid is not the translocated signal responsible for inducing systemic acquired resistance but is required in signal transduction.","volume":"6","author":"Vernooij","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.2307\/3869297","article-title":"Coordinate gene activity in response to agents that induce systemic acquired resistance.","volume":"3","author":"Ward","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(79)90019-9","article-title":"Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) induces resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco.","volume":"99","author":"White","year":"1979","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.2.315","article-title":"Pathway of salicylic acid biosynthesis in healthy and virus-inoculated tobacco.","volume":"103","author":"Yalpani","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"2021062511185344700_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1515\/znb-1964-0508","article-title":"Biosynthese von p-hydroxybenzoesa\u0308ure und anderer Benzoesa\u0308uren in ho\u0308heren Pflanzen.","volume":"19B","author":"Zenk","year":"1964","journal-title":"Z Naturforsch"}],"container-title":["Plant Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/plphys\/article-pdf\/125\/1\/318\/38677328\/plphys_v125_1_318.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/plphys\/article-pdf\/125\/1\/318\/38677328\/plphys_v125_1_318.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T11:31:17Z","timestamp":1624620677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/plphys\/article\/125\/1\/318\/6098946"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1104\/pp.125.1.318","relation":{},"ISSN":["1532-2548","0032-0889"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1532-2548","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0032-0889","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]}}}