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FRI encodes a novel nuclear protein with no conserved domains except for two coiled-coil regions. A mutation in the large subunit of the nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) suppresses FRI activity, so we have explored the connection between FRI and the nuclear CBC in order to gain further insight into FRI biochemical activity. Mutations in the small subunit of the CBC (CBP20) also suppress FRI up-regulation of FLC. CBP20 interacted directly with FRI in yeast and in planta, and this association of FRI with the 5\u2032 cap was reinforced by an RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends assay that showed FRI decreased the proportion of FLC transcripts lacking a 5\u2032 cap. Loss of CBP20 resulted in very low FLC mRNA levels and an increased proportion of unspliced FLC transcripts. FRI compensated for CBP20 loss, partially restoring FLC levels and normalizing the unspliced-spliced transcript ratio. Our data suggest that FRI up-regulates FLC expression through a cotranscriptional mechanism involving direct physical interaction with the nuclear CBC with concomitant effects on FLC transcription and splicing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.137448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,9]],"date-time":"2009-05-09T00:59:38Z","timestamp":1241830778000},"page":"1611-1618","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["FRIGIDA Delays Flowering in Arabidopsis via a Cotranscriptional Mechanism Involving Direct Interaction with the Nuclear Cap-Binding Complex \u00a0"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Nuno","family":"Geraldo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (N.G., I.B., X.H., C.D.); and Cryobiosystem Research Center, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020\u20138550, Japan (S.-i.K.)"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Ba\u0308urle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (N.G., I.B., X.H., C.D.); and Cryobiosystem Research Center, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020\u20138550, Japan (S.-i.K.)"}]},{"given":"Shin-ichiro","family":"Kidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (N.G., I.B., X.H., C.D.); and Cryobiosystem Research Center, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020\u20138550, Japan (S.-i.K.)"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (N.G., I.B., X.H., C.D.); and Cryobiosystem Research Center, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020\u20138550, Japan 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