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We generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants with enhanced root-specific degradation of the hormone cytokinin, a negative regulator of root growth. These transgenic plants form a larger root system, whereas growth and development of the shoot are similar. Elongation of the primary root, root branching, and root biomass formation were increased by up to 60% in transgenic lines, increasing the root-to-shoot ratio. We thus demonstrated that a single dominant gene could regulate a complex trait, root growth. Moreover, we showed that cytokinin regulates root growth in a largely organ-autonomous fashion that is consistent with its dual role as a hormone with both paracrine and long-distance activities. Transgenic plants had a higher survival rate after severe drought treatment. The accumulation of several elements, including S, P, Mn, Mg, Zn, as well as Cd from a contaminated soil, was significantly increased in shoots. Under conditions of sulfur or magnesium deficiency, leaf chlorophyll content was less affected in transgenic plants, demonstrating the physiological relevance of shoot element accumulation. Our approach might contribute to improve drought tolerance, nutrient efficiency, and nutrient content of crop plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.109.072694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,11]],"date-time":"2010-12-11T04:01:08Z","timestamp":1292040068000},"page":"3905-3920","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":479,"title":["Root-Specific Reduction of Cytokinin Causes Enhanced Root Growth, Drought Tolerance, and Leaf Mineral Enrichment in<i>Arabidopsis<\/i>and Tobacco \u00a0 \u00a0"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology\/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Nehnevajova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology\/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ireen","family":"K\u00f6llmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology\/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ond\u0159ej","family":"Nov\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palack\u00fd University and Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Strnad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palack\u00fd University and Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech 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