{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T10:35:52Z","timestamp":1788777352933,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs). NCS from Thalictrum flavum (Tf NCS), Papaver somniferum (Ps NCS1 and Ps NCS2), and Coptis japonica (Cj PR10A) share substantial identity with pathogen-related 10 (PR10) and Bet v1 proteins, whose functions are not well understood. A distinct enzyme (Cj NCS1) with similarity to 2-oxoglutarate\u2013dependent dioxygenases was suggested as the bona fide NCS in C. japonica. Here, we validate the exclusive role of PR10\/Bet v1-type NCS enzymes in BIA metabolism. Immunolocalization of Ps NCS2 revealed its cell type\u2013specific occurrence in phloem sieve elements, which contain all other known BIA biosynthetic enzymes. In opium poppy, NCS transcripts and proteins were abundant in root and stem, but at low levels in leaf and carpel. Silencing of NCS in opium poppy profoundly reduced alkaloid levels compared with controls. Immunoprecipitation of NCS from total protein extracts of T. flavum cells resulted in a nearly complete attenuation of NCS activity. A Ps NCS2\u2013green fluorescent protein fusion introduced by microprojectile bombardment into opium poppy cells initially localized to the endoplasmic reticulum but subsequently sorted to the vacuole. In our hands, Cj NCS1 did not catalyze the formation of (S)-norcoclaurine from dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.110.077958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,30]],"date-time":"2010-10-30T03:06:33Z","timestamp":1288407993000},"page":"3489-3503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Norcoclaurine Synthase Is a Member of the Pathogenesis-Related 10\/Bet v1 Protein Family"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Eun-Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Facchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021040622005717000_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.059287","article-title":"Sanguinarine biosynthesis is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in cultured opium poppy cells after elicitor treatment","volume":"138","author":"Alcantara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"2021040622005717000_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00391333","article-title":"Intracellular compartmentation of two enzymes of berberine biosynthesis in plant cell cultures","volume":"167","author":"Amann","year":"1986","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"2021040622005717000_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5349","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709223105","article-title":"Crystal structure and functional analysis of tetracenomycin ARO\/CYC: Implications for cyclization specificity of aromatic polyketides","volume":"105","author":"Ames","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. 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Consensus sequence, comparison with related enzymes and the role of conserved histidine residues","volume":"217","author":"Britsch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. 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Biosci."},{"key":"2021040622005717000_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(87)90120-X","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of the isopenicillin N synthetase gene mediating the formation of the \u03b2-lactam ring in Aspergillus nidulans","volume":"57","author":"Ram\u00f3n","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2021040622005717000_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.07.017","article-title":"Methods for effective real-time RT-PCR analysis of virus-induced gene silencing","volume":"138","author":"Rotenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol. 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