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A selection of medieval silver coins exhibiting anomalous surface Hg signals, initially identified through portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, were further examined using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography (SR-\u00b5CT), micro-X-ray spectroscopy (SR-\u00b5XRF) and micro-X-ray diffraction (SR-\u00b5XRD) at the PSICH\u00c9 beamline of the SOLEIL Synchrotron. Comparative analyses were conducted on coins produced by an unofficial mint at the Castle of Godano (La Spezia, Italy) and on verified genuine specimens. The results provide evidence for the use of Hg\u2013Ag amalgam, indicative of fraudulent minting practices. This research highlights the methodological strength of integrating multiple non-destructive techniques. Portable ED-XRF demonstrates significant utility as a preliminary screening tool for detecting Hg in medieval and Renaissance coins, supporting the identification of potential forgeries. The combined use of SR-\u00b5CT, SR-\u00b5XRF and SR-\u00b5XRD offers a comprehensive framework for probing internal microstructures and elemental compositions of metal archaeological objects, advancing our understanding of both ancient coinage and fraudulent processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1107\/s1600577526005771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:08:26Z","timestamp":1781802506000},"page":"1198-1205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1107\/cm_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synchrotron X-ray tomography and spectroscopy in numismatics: disclosing counterfeit practices in medieval silver coins"],"prefix":"10.1107","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3135-7083","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simona","family":"Raneri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04jr1s763","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"department":["Department of Earth Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2457-3618","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Gianoncelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8542-1354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ydb3330","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8321-7034","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Monica","family":"Baldassarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00wjc7c48","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"department":["Department of Historical Studies 'Federico Chabod'"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Palleschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04zaypm56","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"department":["Institute of Chemistry and Organometallic Compounds"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"329","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"kam5013_bb242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2023.12.008","volume":"66","author":"Abate","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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