{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:25:48Z","timestamp":1790436348862,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009104","name":"Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emila","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAR 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR 2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["iucr.org","wiley.com","iucrj.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IUCrJ","IUCr J","Int Union Crystallogr J","Int Union Cryst J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The six natural silicates known as asbestos may induce fatal lung diseases<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>inhalation, with a latency period of decades. The five amphibole asbestos species are assumed to be biopersistent in the lungs, and for this reason they are considered much more toxic than serpentine asbestos (chrysotile). Here, we refined the atomic structure of an amosite amphibole asbestos fibre that had remained in a human lung for \u223c40 years, in order to verify the stability<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The subject was originally exposed to a blend of chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite, which remained in his parietal pleura for \u223c40 years. We found a few relicts of chrysotile fibres that were amorphous and magnesium depleted. Amphibole fibres that were recovered were undamaged and suitable for synchrotron X-ray micro-diffraction experiments. Our crystal structure refinement from a recovered amosite fibre demonstrates that the original atomic distribution in the crystal is intact and, consequently, that the atomic structure of amphibole asbestos fibres remains stable in the lungs for a lifetime; during which time they can cause chronic inflammation and other adverse effects that are responsible for carcinogenesis. The amosite fibres are not iron depleted proving that the iron pool for the formation of the asbestos bodies is biological (haemoglobin\/plasma derived) and that it does not come from the asbestos fibres themselves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1107\/s2052252520015079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T17:39:02Z","timestamp":1608053942000},"page":"76-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1107\/cm_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Crystal structure determination of a lifelong biopersistent asbestos fibre using single-crystal synchrotron X-ray micro-diffraction"],"prefix":"10.1107","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2988-5992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlotta","family":"Giacobbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1726-4531","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dario","family":"Di Giuseppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Zoboli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7317-2661","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Lassinantti Gualtieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4889-1944","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paola","family":"Bonasoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6786-6982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Moliterni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9669-7476","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicola","family":"Corriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8727-6610","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angela","family":"Altomare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8217-0884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro F.","family":"Gualtieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"329","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ro5022_bb1","unstructured":"Agilent (2013). CrysAlisPro Software System, version 1.171.36.28. Agilent Technologies UK Ltd, Oxford, UK."},{"key":"ro5022_bb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00842-0","volume":"33","author":"Arosio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"ro5022_bb3","unstructured":"Ballirano, P., Bloise, A., Gualtieri, A. F., Lezzerini, M., Pacella, A., Perchiazzi, N., Dogan, M. & Dogan, A. U. (2017). Mineral Fibres: Crystal Chemistry, Chemical-Physical Properties, Biological Interaction and Toxicity. Vol. 18, ch. 2, edited by A. F. Gualtieri, pp. 17-64. London: European Mineralogical Union and the Mineralogical Society."},{"key":"ro5022_bb4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3109\/10408444.2012.756454","volume":"43","author":"Bernstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Toxicol."},{"key":"ro5022_bb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370591002012","volume":"17","author":"Bernstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"key":"ro5022_bb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(95)00222-L","volume":"59","author":"Brabander","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ro5022_bb7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600576715001132","volume":"48","author":"Burla","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Cryst."},{"key":"ro5022_bb9","unstructured":"Capella, S., Belluso, E., Bursi Gandolfi, N., Tibaldi, E., Mandrioli, D. & Belpoggi, F. (2017). Mineral Fibres: Crystal Chemistry, Chemical-Physical Properties, Biological Interaction and Toxicity. Vol. 18, ch. 9, edited by A. F. Gualtieri, pp. 307-345. London: European Mineralogical Union and the Mineralogical Society."},{"key":"ro5022_bb10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10937404.2011.556045","volume":"14","author":"Case","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Heal. Part B"},{"key":"ro5022_bb11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3390\/min9100618","volume":"9","author":"Di Giuseppe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"ro5022_bb12","unstructured":"Dimper, R., Reichert, H., Raimondi, P., Sanchez Ortiz, L., Sette, F. & Susini, J. (2014). The Orange Book: ESRF Upgrade Programme Phase II (2015-2022) Technical Design Study, ESRF, Grenoble, France."},{"key":"ro5022_bb13","first-page":"81","volume":"12","author":"Doll","year":"1955","journal-title":"Brit. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ro5022_bb14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-7-5","volume":"7","author":"Donaldson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ro5022_bb15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00373291","volume":"34","author":"Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"1972","journal-title":"Contrib. Miner. Petr."},{"key":"ro5022_bb16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889812029111","volume":"45","author":"Farrugia","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Cryst."},{"key":"ro5022_bb17","first-page":"95","volume":"2","author":"Finger","year":"1969","journal-title":"Miner. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap."},{"key":"ro5022_bb18","first-page":"814","volume":"51","author":"Fischer","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am. Min."},{"key":"ro5022_bb8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.11.050","volume":"306","author":"Gandolfi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ro5022_bb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00269-016-0839-0","volume":"44","author":"Gatta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Miner."},{"key":"ro5022_bb20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1107\/S0365110X61001935","volume":"14","author":"Ghose","year":"1961","journal-title":"Acta Cryst."},{"key":"ro5022_bb21","unstructured":"Ghose, S. & Ganguly, J. (1982). Advances in Physical Geochemistry. Vol. 2, edited by S. K. Saxena, pp. 3-99. New York: Springer."},{"key":"ro5022_bb22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600576719013980","volume":"52","author":"Giacobbe","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Cryst."},{"key":"ro5022_bb23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3390\/min8080311","volume":"8","author":"Giacobbe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"ro5022_bb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilli, G. & Gilli, P. (2009). The Nature of the Hydrogen Bond. IUCr Monographs on Crystallography. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199558964.001.0001"},{"key":"ro5022_bb25","unstructured":"Gordon, R. E. (2019). Electron Microscopy - Novel Microscopy Trends, 1-19. London: IntechOpen."},{"key":"ro5022_bb26","unstructured":"Gualtieri, A. F. (2017). Mineral Fibres: Crystal Chemistry, Chemical-Physical Properties, Biological Interaction and Toxicity. Vol. 18, ch. 1. London: European Mineralogical Union and the Mineralogical Society."},{"key":"ro5022_bb27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00220","volume":"32","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ro5022_bb28","first-page":"353","volume":"21","author":"Hawthorne","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can. Mineral."},{"key":"ro5022_bb29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2138\/rmg.2007.67.1","volume":"67","author":"Hawthorne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Miner. Geochem."},{"key":"ro5022_bb30","first-page":"863","volume":"79","author":"Hirschmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. Min."},{"key":"ro5022_bb31","unstructured":"IARC. (2012). Asbestos (Chrysotile, Amosite, Crocidolite, Tremolite, Actinolite and Anthophyllite). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 100C, pp. 219-309. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer."},{"key":"ro5022_bb32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/08893110310001621754","volume":"9","author":"Jeffrey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crystallogr. Rev."},{"key":"ro5022_bb33","first-page":"235","volume":"102","author":"Langer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Heal. Persp."},{"key":"ro5022_bb34","first-page":"1023","volume":"63","author":"Leake","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am. Mineral."},{"key":"ro5022_bb35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00172-2","volume":"2","author":"Manning","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ro5022_bb36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889811038970","volume":"44","author":"Momma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Cryst."},{"key":"ro5022_bb37","first-page":"673","volume":"50","author":"Mossman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brit. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"ro5022_bb38","unstructured":"Mossman, B. T. & Gualtieri, A. F. (2020). In Occupational Cancers. Heidelberg: Springer."},{"key":"ro5022_bb39","first-page":"163","volume":"102","author":"Muhle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Env. Heal. Perspect."},{"key":"ro5022_bb40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, P., Herbst-Irmer, R., Spek, A. L., Schneider, T. R. & Sawaya, M. R. (2006). Crystal Structure Refinement: A Crystallographer's Guide to SHELXL. IUCr Texts on Crystallography. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198570769.001.0001"},{"key":"ro5022_bb46","unstructured":"Oxford Diffraction (2006). SCALE3 ABSPACK, CrysAlis Software Package, Oxford Diffraction Ltd, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England."},{"key":"ro5022_bb41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.05.010","volume":"298","author":"Pollastri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ro5022_bb42","first-page":"55","volume":"86","author":"Pollastri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Period. Miner."},{"key":"ro5022_bb43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(76)90038-4","volume":"12","author":"Pooley","year":"1976","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ro5022_bb44","unstructured":"Roggli, V. L. (2014). Pathology of Asbestos-Associated Diseases, pp. 25-51. Heidelberg: Springer."},{"key":"ro5022_bb45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7052","DOI":"10.1039\/c4nr01234h","volume":"6","author":"Sabella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ro5022_bb47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1107\/S0567739476001551","volume":"32","author":"Shannon","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Cryst. A"},{"key":"ro5022_bb48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1107\/S2053273314026370","volume":"71","author":"Sheldrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Cryst. A"},{"key":"ro5022_bb49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670506","DOI":"10.1117\/12.733609","volume":"6705","author":"Snigirev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ro5022_bb50","first-page":"965","volume":"67","author":"Stanton","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ro5022_bb51","first-page":"79","volume":"55","author":"Suzuki","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ro5022_bb52","first-page":"1","volume":"71","author":"Toyokuni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nagoya J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ro5022_bb53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-015-0088-2","volume":"12","author":"Utembe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"ro5022_bb54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.2138\/am.2013.4347","volume":"98","author":"Viani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Mineral."},{"key":"ro5022_bb55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1974.65","volume":"29","author":"Wagner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ro5022_bb56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889810022120","volume":"43","author":"Westrip","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Cryst."},{"key":"ro5022_bb57","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1997). Determination of Airborne Fibre Number Concentrations. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/41904\/1\/9241544961.pdf. Accessed 28 October 2019."},{"key":"ro5022_bb58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cossms.2020.100818","volume":"24","author":"Wright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ro5022_bb59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10397","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604008103","volume":"103","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"PNAS"}],"container-title":["IUCrJ"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.iucr.org\/m\/issues\/2021\/01\/00\/ro5022\/ro5022.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.iucr.org\/m\/issues\/2021\/01\/00\/ro5022\/ro5022.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T10:27:22Z","timestamp":1736764042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.iucr.org\/paper?S2052252520015079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S2052252520015079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1107\/s2052252520015079","relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1107\/S2052252520015079\/ro5022sup1.cif","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1107\/S2052252520015079\/ro5022sup2.pdf","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["2052-2525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-2525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"IUCrJ","order":0,"name":"journal","label":"Publication","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.iucrj.org\/"},"group":{"name":"general","label":"General"}},{"value":"research papers","order":1,"name":"content_type","label":"Content type","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.iucr.org\/m\/services\/notesforauthors.html"},"group":{"name":"general","label":"General"}},{"value":"Available","URL":"https:\/\/scripts.iucr.org\/cgi-bin\/citedin?ro5022","order":2,"name":"article_metrics","label":"Article metrics","group":{"name":"general","label":"General"}},{"value":"Yes","order":0,"name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Single blind","order":1,"name":"review_process","label":"Review process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"15 June 2020","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication history"}},{"value":"12 November 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication history"}},{"value":"1 January 2021","order":2,"name":"published_online","label":"Published online","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication history"}},{"value":"This article has supporting information","name":"supplementary_materials","label":"Supplementary materials","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/scripts.iucr.org\/cgi-bin\/sendsup?ro5022"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Giacobbeet al.","order":0,"name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.iucr.org\/services\/copyrightpolicy.html"},"group":{"name":"copyright_and_licencing","label":"Copyright and licencing"}},{"value":"Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)","order":1,"name":"license","label":"Licence","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"},"group":{"name":"copyright_and_licencing","label":"Copyright and licencing"}}]}}