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The biosynthetic pathway for its precursor dTDP-L-rhamnose is not present in humans, which makes the enzymes of the pathway potential drug targets. In this study, the three-dimensional structure of the first protein of this pathway, glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase (RfbA), from<jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>was determined. In other organisms this enzyme is referred to as RmlA. RfbA was co-crystallized with the products of the enzymatic reaction, dTDP-\u03b1-D-glucose and pyrophosphate, and its structure was determined at 2.3\u2005\u00c5 resolution. This is the first reported thymidylyltransferase structure from a Gram-positive bacterium. RfbA shares overall structural characteristics with known RmlA homologs. However, RfbA exhibits a shorter sequence at its C-terminus, which results in the absence of three \u03b1-helices involved in allosteric site formation. Consequently, RfbA was observed to exhibit a quaternary structure that is unique among currently reported glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase bacterial homologs. These structural analyses suggest that RfbA may not be allosterically regulated in some organisms and is structurally distinct from other RmlA homologs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1107\/s2053230x17015357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T17:37:20Z","timestamp":1509385040000},"page":"621-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1107\/cm_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Structure of the<i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>dTDP-<scp>L<\/scp>-rhamnose-biosynthetic enzyme glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase (RfbA)"],"prefix":"10.1107","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Jackson","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei S.","family":"Halavaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5460-3462","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"George","family":"Minasov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne F.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misty L.","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"329","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"dp5104_bb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4520","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00277-07","volume":"189","author":"Arag\u00e3o","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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