{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T16:37:28Z","timestamp":1774283848792,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to analyse job ads as relatively accessible indicators of the knowledge, skills and competencies required of librarians by employers. It then uses a framework provided by the literature on professional jurisdiction to examine what may be trends and shaping factors for the Library and Information Studies (LIS) profession with regard to jurisdiction in a changing information landscape.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Job ads were examined in two separate studies; one comparing job ads in Australia and the USA over eight weeks in 2004, and the other looking at one month snapshots of Australian job ads in 1974, 1984, 1994 and 2004. The text from the job ads was analysed using a content analysis software package. The literature on professional jurisdiction provided an interpretive framework.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Australian snapshots over time showed that there is an increasing lack of clarity about the skills and competencies required of librarians. The American job ads seemed to rank jurisdictional knowledge and professional qualifications more highly than their Australian counterparts. Interpersonal skills, behavioural characteristics and technical services skills are in demand in both countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In addition to reporting on the knowledge, skills and competencies required of librarians, by applying an interpretive framework from the literature on professional jurisdiction the paper exposes some of the challenges ahead for the LIS profession. Research limitations\/implications \u2013 The research used a small number of sources and a relatively small number of ads. It is acknowledged that job ads are only one source of information about knowledge, skills and competencies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/00012530610677228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,4]],"date-time":"2006-07-04T07:11:02Z","timestamp":1151997062000},"page":"179-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Changing workplace demands: what job ads tell us"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Anne Kennan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fletcher","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Willard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Marion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodwin College, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"2025072816002784000_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbott, A.\n           (1988), The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226189666.001.0001"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072816002784000_b2","first-page":"430","article-title":"Professionalism and the future of librarianship","volume":"46","author":"Abbott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072816002784000_b3","first-page":"40","article-title":"Library and information work in Canada: further analysis of an emerging labour market","volume":"16","author":"Apostle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Information Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072816002784000_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.5860\/crl.61.4.336","article-title":"Other duties as assigned: emerging trends in the academic library job market","volume":"61","author":"Beile","year":"2000","journal-title":"College & Research Libraries"},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b5","unstructured":"Borgman, C.L.\n           (Ed.) (1990), Scholarly Communication and Bibliometrics, Sage, Newbury Park, CA."},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b6","unstructured":"Brittain, J.M.\n           (1996), \u201cInformation professionals in Australia: expanding horizons\u201d, CIS Research Reports, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga."},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b7","unstructured":"Browne, M.\n           (1991), \u201cGuidelines for analysis of publicly advertised positions in the information industry\u201d, unpublished paper, Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA), Kingston, ACT."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072816002784000_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/00049670.1999.10755867","article-title":"Threat or promise? The information society and the information profession","volume":"48","author":"Browne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Australian Library Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072816002784000_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/00048623.2002.10755195","article-title":"An instructional role for librarians: an overview and content analysis of job advertisements","volume":"33","author":"Clyde","year":"2002","journal-title":"Australian Academic and Research Libraries"},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croneis, K.S.\n           and Henderson, P. (2005), \u201cElectronic and digital librarian positions: a content analysis of announcements from 1990 through 2000\u201d, Journal of Academic Librarianship, Vol. 28, pp. 232-7, Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc., available at: http:\/\/search.epnet.com\/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&an=7173081 (accessed 5 October 2005).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-1333(02)00287-2"},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b11","unstructured":"Cronin, B.\n           and Atkins, H.B. (2000), The Web of Knowledge: A Festschrift in Honor of Eugene Garfield, Information Today Inc., Medford, NJ."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072816002784000_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1177\/016555150002600409","article-title":"A review of library and information service job advertisements: what do they tell us about work","volume":"26","author":"Cullen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072816002784000_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1108\/01435120410522352","article-title":"LIS labour market research: implications for management development","volume":"25","author":"Cullen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Library Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072816002784000_b14","first-page":"315","article-title":"Redefining a profession","volume":"90","author":"Danner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Law Library Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072816002784000_b15","first-page":"395","article-title":"Professionalism in librarianship: shifting the focus from malpractice to good practice","volume":"49","author":"Diamond","year":"2001","journal-title":"Library Trends"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072816002784000_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1300\/J295v01n01_05","article-title":"Defining electronic librarianship: a content analysis of job advertisements","volume":"1","author":"Heimer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Public Services Quarterly"},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b17","unstructured":"KALIPER Report\n           (2000), Educating Library and Information Science Professionals for a New Century: The KALIPER Report, Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE), Reston VA, available at: http:\/\/www.alise.org\/publications\/kaliper.pdf (accessed 5 October 2005)."},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennan, M.A.\n          , Willard, P. and Wilson, C.S. (2006), \u201cWhat do they want? A study of changing employer expectations of information professionals\u201d, Australian Academic and Research Libraries, Vol. 37 No. 1, in press..","DOI":"10.1080\/00048623.2006.10755320"},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larson, M.S.\n           (1977), The Rise of Professionalism, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520323070"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072816002784000_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/096100069602800205","article-title":"Career development: follow-up studies of Sheffield MA graduates 1985\/86 to 1992\/93","volume":"28","author":"Loughridge","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Librarianship and Information Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025072816002784000_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.5860\/crl.62.5.407","article-title":"The changing nature of work in academic libraries","volume":"62","author":"Lynch","year":"2001","journal-title":"College & Research Libraries"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072816002784000_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02016892","article-title":"The structure of biotechnology R&D","volume":"32","author":"McCain","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025072816002784000_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199009)41:6<433::AID-ASI11>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Mapping authors in intellectual space: a technical overview","volume":"41","author":"McCain","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b28","unstructured":"McCain, K.W.\n           (1995b), \u201cR&D themes in information science: a preliminary codescriptor analysis\u201d, Proceedings of the Fifth Biennial Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Learned Information, Rosary College, Pine Forest, IL."},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b22","unstructured":"Macdonald, K.M.\n           (1995), The Sociology of the Professions, Sage, London."},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b23","unstructured":"Marion, L.\n           (2001), \u201cDigital librarian, cybrarian, or librarian with specialized skills: who will staff digital libraries?\u201d Association of College and Research Libraries Tenth National Conference, Denver, 15-18 March, pp. 143-49, available at: http:\/\/www.ala.org\/ala\/acrl\/acrlevents\/marion.pdf (accessed 12 October 2005)."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072816002784000_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/1532-2890(2000)9999:9999<::AID-ASI1072>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Contrasting views of software engineering journals: author cocitation choices and indexer vocabulary assignments","volume":"52","author":"Marion","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b25","unstructured":"Marion, L.\n          , Kennan, M.A., Willard, P. and Wilson, C.S. (2005), \u201cA tale of two markets: employer expectations of information professionals in Australia and the United States of America\u201d, World Library and Information Congress: 71st IFLA General Conference and Council, 14-18 August 2005, Oslo, available at: http:\/\/www.ifla.org\/IV\/ifla71\/papers\/056e-Marion.pdf (accessed 12 October 2005)."},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore, N.\n           (1987), \u201cThe emerging market for librarians and information workers\u201d, Library and Information Research Report, British Library, Boston Spa.","DOI":"10.1177\/096100068701900103"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072816002784000_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/00049670.2003.10721549","article-title":"Education directions for new information professionals","volume":"52","author":"Myburgh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Australian Library Journal"},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b31","unstructured":"Myburgh, S.\n           (2005), The New Information Professional: How to Thrive in the Information Age Doing What You Love, Chandos House, Oxford."},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b32","unstructured":"Provalis Research\n           (2004), \u201cSimstat and Wordstat software\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.simstat.com (accessed 11 August 2004)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072816002784000_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159902500205","article-title":"Follow-up study of graduates from the MSc Information Management Programme at the University of Sheffield","volume":"24","author":"Quarmby","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b34","unstructured":"Rosenfeld, L.\n           and Morville, P. (2003), Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, 2nd ed., O'Reilly, Sebastopol, CA."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072816002784000_b35","first-page":"190","article-title":"The closing of library schools in North America: what role accreditation?","volume":"44","author":"Saracevik","year":"1994","journal-title":"Libri"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025072816002784000_b36","first-page":"102","article-title":"The most important management decision: hiring staff for the new millennium","volume":"123","author":"Tennant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Library Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072816002784000_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2307\/40324268","article-title":"The panda syndrome: an ecology of LIS education","volume":"37","author":"Van House","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Education for Library and Information Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025072816002784000_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-1333(99)80056-1","article-title":"Academic subject specialist positions in the United States: a content analysis of announcements","volume":"25","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Academic Librarianship"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072816002784000_b39","first-page":"327","article-title":"Visualizing a discipline: an author cocitation analysis of information science, 1972-1995","volume":"49","author":"White","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025072816002784000_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1080\/00048623.2004.10755278","article-title":"Australian professional library and information studies education programs: changing structure and content","volume":"35","author":"Willard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Australian Academic and Research Libraries"},{"key":"2025072816002784000_b41","unstructured":"Wilson, C.S.\n           (1999), \u201cInformetrics\u201d, Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Information Today Ltd, Medford, NJ, pp. 107-247."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072816002784000_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5860\/lrts.40n1.9","article-title":"The impact of automation on job requirements and qualifications for catalogers and reference librarians in academic libraries","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Library Resources & Technical Services"}],"container-title":["Aslib Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/00012530610677228","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article-pdf\/58\/3\/179\/154524\/00012530610677228.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article-pdf\/58\/3\/179\/154524\/00012530610677228.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T20:00:41Z","timestamp":1753732841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article\/58\/3\/179\/27460\/Changing-workplace-demands-what-job-ads-tell-us"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/00012530610677228","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-253X","1758-3748"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-253X","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-3748","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]}}}