{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T19:02:43Z","timestamp":1754161363437,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this research is to show how spam is generated and what methods have been proposed to combat it.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An experiment whereby a number of e-mail accounts using different ISPs were set up and then checked for spam over a period of nine weeks. The results were compared to two pre-existing e-mail accounts. The types of spam received were classified into broad headings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Financial spam was the biggest single type of spam received, with health-related spam second. The growth in spam over time was noted, as was the volumes of spam received by different Internet Service Providers. The effects of using \u201cobvious\u201d names versus unusual ones in the e-mail address were measured, as were those of using spam-filtering software. In the former case, no significant differences were found, but filtering software certainly helped to reduce the volume of spam received. Active involvement in a pornographic site did not, surprisingly, greatly influence the amount of spam received. The biggest single factors affecting the volume of spam received are the length of time the e-mail account has been active and the use, or non-use of filtering software. It is by no means certain that responding to spam increases the volume of spam received.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The research was conducted over a relatively small time period and small number of accounts were examined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Practical implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Methods of combating spam and some urban myths about it are examined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To those tasked with dealing with spam, the paper provides some ideas on the scale of the problem and how to address it.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/00012530610701013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,13]],"date-time":"2007-04-13T09:38:25Z","timestamp":1176457105000},"page":"156-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Experiments to identify the causes of spam"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Tanzila","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Oppenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2025072816003705000_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1108\/00012530210697707","article-title":"Is e-mail addictive?","volume":"54","author":"Adam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aslib Proceedings"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025072816003705000_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920410545234","article-title":"Internet newsletters and spam","volume":"33","author":"Andrews","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072816003705000_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920410514300","article-title":"Internet newsletters","volume":"33","author":"Andrews","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b29","unstructured":"BBC\n           (1970), Monty Python's Flying Circus, Episode 25, 15 December, available at: http:\/\/www.detritus.org\/spam\/skit.html."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b4","unstructured":"BBC News\n           (2003), \u201cWhere spam comes from\u201d, available at: http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/technology\/2969783.stm (accessed 21 October 2004)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b5","unstructured":"BBC News\n           (2004a), \u201cCall for global action on spam\u201d, available at: http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/technology\/3733864.stm (accessed 21 October 2004)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b6","unstructured":"BBC News\n           (2004b), \u201cUS tops league of e-mail spammers\u201d, available at: http:\/\/.news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/technology\/3593702.stm (accessed 21 October 2004)."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025072816003705000_b7","first-page":"50","article-title":"The great spam experiment","volume":"1","author":"Bradley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Library & Information Update"},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b8","unstructured":"Brightmail\n           (2001), \u201cViagra and Nigeria \u2013 what do they have in common? It's the 2001 spam hit parade!\u201d, 11 September, available at: www.brightmail.com\/pressrelease\/122701_topspam.html (accessed 23 October 2004)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burrull, A.\n           and Oppenheim, C. (2004), \u201cLegal aspects of the Web\u201d, Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 38, pp. 483-549.","DOI":"10.1002\/aris.1440380111"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025072816003705000_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4048(03)00505-4","article-title":"The 419 scam: information warfare on the spam front and a proposal for local filtering","volume":"2","author":"Edelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025072816003705000_b11","first-page":"13","article-title":"Where's the beef? Dissecting spam's purported harms","volume":"22","author":"Goldman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Computer and Information Law"},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grimes, G.\n           (2004), \u201cIssues with Spam\u201d, Computer Fraud & Security, No. 5, pp. 12-16.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-3723(04)00066-1"},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b13","unstructured":"Higgins, A.\n           (2003), Anti-Spam Anti-Spam Anti-Spam, IBM Corporation, White Plains, NY."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025072816003705000_b14","first-page":"154","article-title":"An analysis of tool used for the generation and prevention of spam","volume":"23","author":"Hunt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Computers and Security"},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b15","unstructured":"ipaki.com\n           (2005), \u201cHealth giants act on Viagra spam\u201d, available at: http:\/\/ipaki.com\/content\/html\/39\/1271.html (accessed 13 March 2005)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b16","unstructured":"Levine, J.\n          , Young, L., Ray, M. and Ray, C. (2004), Fighting Spam for Dummies, Wiley Publishing Inc., Indiana, IN."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b17","unstructured":"Mail Abuse Prevention System\n           (2004), \u201cTechnical FAQs\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.mailabuse.org\/support\/techfaqs.html#spam_def (accessed 27 October 2004)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b18","unstructured":"Nanji, S.\n           (2004), \u201cWhat types of spam are there and how can they be controlled?\u201d, final year dissertation, Department of Information Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b19","unstructured":"Net Abuse\n           (1998), \u201cFAQ Revision 3.2 and 2.4\u201d, December 23, available at: http:\/\/www.cybernothing.org\/faqs\/netabuse-faq.html#2.4 (accessed 14 October 2004)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b20","unstructured":"Outlaw.com\n           (2005), \u201cSpam costs $50 billion worldwide\u201c, available at: http:\/\/www.outlaw.com\/php\/page.php?page_id=spamcostsbilli1110551732&area=news (accessed 10 March 2005)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b21","unstructured":"Rimmer, S.\n           (2003), \u201cDeath to spam\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.mindworkshop.com\/alchemy\/nospam.html (accessed 30 July 2004)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b22","unstructured":"silicon.com\n           (2005), \u201cWhen spin meets spam\u201d, available at: http:\/\/comment.silicon.com\/weekly roundup\/0,39024756,39128619,00.htm (accessed 13 March 2005)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b23","unstructured":"Sorkin, D.\n           (2001), \u201cTechnical and legal approaches to unsolicited electronic mail\u201d, USFL Review, Winter, pp. 325-83."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b24","unstructured":"Spamhaus\n           (2005), \u201cIncreasing spam threat from proxy hijackers\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.spamhaus.org\/news.lasso?article=156 (accessed 10 March 2005)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b25","unstructured":"Vicomsoft\n           (2002), \u201cSpam FAQs\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.vicomsoft.com\/knowledge\/reference\/spam.html (accessed 10 October 2004)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b26","unstructured":"vnunet.com\n           (2005), \u201cPorn spam triples\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.vnunet.com\/news\/1160929 (accessed 13 March 2005)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b27","unstructured":"WindowsSecurity.com\n           (2004), \u201cDealing effectively with spam\u201c, available at: http:\/\/www.secinf.net\/anti_spam\/Dealing_Effectively_with_Spam.html (accessed 30 July 2004)."},{"key":"2025072816003705000_b28","unstructured":"Wired.com\n           (2002), \u201cPorn spam: it's getting raunchier\u201c, available at: http:\/\/www.wired.com\/news\/culture\/0,1284,55420,00.html (accessed 13 March 2005)."}],"container-title":["Aslib Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/00012530610701013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/00012530610701013\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article-pdf\/58\/3\/156\/154618\/00012530610701013.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article-pdf\/58\/3\/156\/154618\/00012530610701013.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T20:00:46Z","timestamp":1753732846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article\/58\/3\/156\/27475\/Experiments-to-identify-the-causes-of-spam"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/00012530610701013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-253X","1758-3748"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0001-253X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1758-3748"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]}}}