{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:48:04Z","timestamp":1762271284038,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,19]],"date-time":"2008-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1221782400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the paper is to explore and test gender differences in the authorship of Iranian journal articles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A list of articles published by Iranian authors in ISI journals in 2003 was obtained from the Web of Science. The names of authors were searched in a specific database as well as the web to find their first names and hence their gender. The articles were then broken down by gender and subject category. International collaborations of the authors were also investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The productivity of female authors at the individual level as measured by article per author share was lower than male authors. In total, females accounted for 6 per cent and males for 94 per cent of the articles published in 2003. A chi\u2010square test showed that female contribution was significantly lower than expected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study is the first to investigate gender participation in scientific productivity in Iran and most likely in a Muslim country. The article highlights the need for qualitative studies on the gender aspect of scientific productivity in Muslim countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/00012530810908193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,20]],"date-time":"2008-09-20T07:05:42Z","timestamp":1221894342000},"page":"463-473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Iranian women in science: a gender study of scientific productivity in an Islamic country"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Mehrnoush","family":"Mozaffarian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hamid R.","family":"Jamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bjorkman, C., Christoff, I., Palm, F. and Vallin, A. (1998), \u201cExploring the pipeline: towards an understanding of the male dominated computing culture and its influence on women\u201d, ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 64\u20109.","DOI":"10.1145\/292422.292445"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b2","unstructured":"Cole, J.R. and Zuckerman, H. (1984), \u201cThe productivity puzzle: persistence and change in patterns of publication of men and women scientists\u201d, Advances in Motivation and Achievement, Vol. 2, pp. 217\u201058."},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davenport, H. and Snyder, H. (1995), \u201cWho cites women. Whom do women cite: an exploration of gender and scholarly citation in sociology\u201d, Journal of Documentation, Vol. 51 No. 4, pp. 404\u201010.","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026958"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b4","unstructured":"Etemad, S.H. (2003), 30 years of Iran Knowledge Production in the World, Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology, Tehran."},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferber, M.A. (1986), \u201cCitations: are they an objective measure of scholarly merit?\u201d, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 281\u20109.","DOI":"10.1086\/494230"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox, M.F. (1983), \u201cPublication productivity among scientists: a critical review\u201d, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 285\u2010305.","DOI":"10.1177\/030631283013002005"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b7","unstructured":"Ghiasi, M. (2003), Amare Amouzeshe Alie Iran\u2010 Bakhshe Dolati 1382\u201083 (Statistics of Iran's Higher Education\u2010State\u2010Run Sector, 2002\u201003), Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education, Tehran (in Persian language)."},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghorbani, M. and Tung, R.L. (2007), \u201cBehind the veil: an exploratory study of the myths and realities of women in the Iranian workforce\u201d, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 376\u201092.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-8583.2007.00051.x"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, B.M., Kumar, S. and Aggarwal, B.S. (1999), \u201cA Comparison of productivity of male and female scientist of CSIR\u201d, Scientometrics, Vol. 45 No. 2, pp. 269\u201089.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02458437"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b10","unstructured":"Harrison, F. (2006), \u201cWomen graduates challenge Iran\u201d, BBC News, Vol. 24, 19 September, available at: http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/5359672.stm (accessed 24 March 2008)."},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b11","unstructured":"HESA (2007), \u201cSummary of Academic Staff (excluding atypical) in all UK Institutions 2005\/06\u201d, Higher Education Statistics Agency, available at: http:\/\/www.hesa.ac.uk\/dox\/dataTables\/staff\/download\/staff0506.xls last (accessed 22 February 2008)."},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b12","unstructured":"Human Development Report (2008), \u201c2007\/2008 Report, 28, Gender\u2010Related Development Index\u201d, available at: http:\/\/hdrstats.undp.org\/indicators\/268.html (accessed 24 March 2008)."},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leta, J. (2003), \u201cThe contribution of women in Brazilian science: a case study in astronomy, immunology and oceanography\u201d, Scientometrics, Vol. 57 No. 3, pp. 339\u201053.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025000600840"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewison, G. (2001), \u201cThe quantity and quality of female researchers: a bibliometric study of Iceland\u201d, Scientometrics, Vol. 52 No. 1, pp. 29\u201043.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012794810883"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, J.S. (1992), \u201cMeasures of sex differences in scientific productivity\u201d, Social Forces, Vol. 71 No. 1, pp. 159\u201078.","DOI":"10.2307\/2579971"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehrdad, M., Heydari, A., Sarbolouki, M.N. and Etemad, S. (2004), \u201cBasic science in the Islamic Republic of Iran\u201d, Scientometrics, Vol. 61 No. 1, pp. 79\u201088.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:SCIE.0000037364.65282.4d"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moin, M., Mahmoudi, M. and Rezaei, N. (2005), \u201cScientific output of Iran at the threshold of the 21st century\u201d, Scientometrics, Vol. 62 No. 2, pp. 239\u201048.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-005-0017-5"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prpic, K. (2002), \u201cGender and productivity differential in science\u201d, Scientometrics, Vol. 55 No. 1, pp. 27\u201058.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016046819457"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothausen\u2010Vange, T.J., Marler, J.H. and Wright, P.M. (2005), \u201cResearch productivity, gender, family, and tenure in organization science careers\u201d, Sex Roles, Vol. 53 No. 9, pp. 727\u201038.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-005-7737-0"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b20","unstructured":"Statistical Centre of Iran (2008), \u201cSummary of Educational Statistics\u201d, available at: http:\/\/www.sci.org.ir\/portal\/faces\/public\/sci\/sci.negahbeiran\/sci.Education (accessed 23 February 2008)."},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone, R. (2005), \u201cScience in Iran: an Islamic science revolution\u201d, Science, Vol. 309 No. 5742, pp. 1802\u20104.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.309.5742.1802"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Webster, B.M. (2001), \u201cPolish women in science: a bibliometric analysis of Polish science and its publications, 1980\u20101999\u201d, Research Evaluation, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 185\u201094.","DOI":"10.3152\/147154401781776999"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b23","unstructured":"Wikipedia (2008), Gender\u2010related Development Index, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, available at: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gender\u2010related_Development_Index (accessed 24 March)."},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, Y. and Shauman, K.A. (1998), \u201cSex differences in research productivity: new evidence about an old puzzle\u201d, American Sociological Review, Vol. 63 No. 6, pp. 847\u201070.","DOI":"10.2307\/2657505"},{"key":"key2022032219572578200_b25","unstructured":"Xie, Y. and Shauman, K. (1999), \u201cCommentary: gender differences in research productivity\u201d, The Scientist, Vol. 13 No. 19, p. 10."}],"container-title":["Aslib Proceedings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/00012530810908193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/00012530810908193\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/00012530810908193\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T11:36:57Z","timestamp":1753357017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ajim\/article\/60\/5\/463-473\/63379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,19]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/00012530810908193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/00012530810908193","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-253X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0001-253X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,19]]}}}