{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:08:39Z","timestamp":1754154519355,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]],"date-time":"2011-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to explore how metadata have been applied in GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives and museums) institutions in New Zealand (NZ) and to analyse its overall quality with the interoperability of the metadata element set especially in mind.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first stage of data collection involved an analysis of the metadata records from 16 institutions from the NZ GLAM sector to examine the types and extent of metadata used. However, by looking at publicly accessible metadata records, it was impossible to determine the full extent of metadata created, especially when there could be metadata that were kept in\u2010house. This was complemented with interviewing of staff from the institutions concerned.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study found that metadata records for digital images in four types of institutions have different emphases on metadata functions and a variety of metadata are not applied on a consistent basis. The lack of technical data in metadata records means that digital visual images are not always well protected. There is a consensus among those interviewed that metadata sharing is important. However, the wide use of a proprietary system which comes with pre\u2010existing metadata fields could result in a lack of flexibility and a risk that institutions adopt cataloguing practices to accommodating their collection management systems rather than to the requirements for interoperability and long\u2010term preservation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to studying metadata quality in GLAM digital image repositories, the study also examined the rationale and factors affecting the current practice via interviews with representatives from the institutions concerned. This shed light on potential barriers to interoperability that warranted further examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/00012531111164978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,24]],"date-time":"2011-09-24T07:37:34Z","timestamp":1316849854000},"page":"484-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Metadata quality and interoperability of GLAM digital images"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Shirley","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chern","family":"Li Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021020025933100_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arms, C.R. (2001), \u201cSome observations on metadata and digital libraries\u201d, Conference on Bibliographic Control New Millennium (Library of Congress), available at: www.loc.gov\/catdir\/bibcontrol\/arms_paper.html (accessed 27 July 2010).","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2423.001.0001"},{"key":"key2022021020025933100_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attig, J., Copeland, A. and Pelikan, M. (2004), \u201cContext and meaning: the challenges of metadata for a digital image library within the university\u201d, College and Research Libraries, Vol. 56 No. 3, pp. 251\u201061.","DOI":"10.5860\/crl.65.3.251"},{"key":"key2022021020025933100_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baca, M. (2004), \u201cFear of authority?\u201d, Cataloguing & Classification Quarterly, Vol. 38 Nos 3\/4, pp. 143\u201051.","DOI":"10.1300\/J104v38n03_13"},{"key":"key2022021020025933100_b4","unstructured":"Barton\u2010Norton, N. (2004), \u201cMARC application for description of visual materials\u201d, Journal of Educational Media & Library Science, Vol. 42 No. 1, pp. 21\u201036."},{"key":"key2022021020025933100_b5","unstructured":"Bruce, T.R. and Hillmann, D.I. (2004), \u201cThe continuum of metadata quality: defining, expressing, exploiting\u201d, in Hillmann, D.I. and Westbrooks, E.L. (Eds), Metadata in Practice, American Library Association, Chicago, IL, pp. 238\u201056."},{"key":"key2022021020025933100_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caplan, P. (2000), \u201cOh what a tangled web we weave: opportunities and challenges for standards development in the digital library arena\u201d, First Monday, available at: www.uic.edu\/htbin\/cgiwrap\/bin\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/article\/viewArticle\/765\/674 (accessed 23 July 2010).","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v5i6.765"},{"key":"key2022021020025933100_b7","unstructured":"Carnaby, P. 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