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Pinpoints the differences between the positions in their conceptions of language and the nature and origin of knowledge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each of the three metatheories addresses and solves specific types of research questions and design problems. The metatheories thus complement one another. Each of the three metatheories encourages and constitutes a distinctive type of research and learning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outlines each metatheory's specific fields of application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410510578023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,9]],"date-time":"2005-02-09T11:07:23Z","timestamp":1107947243000},"page":"79-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":199,"title":["\u201cIsms\u201d in information science: constructivism, collectivism and constructionism"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Sanna","family":"Talja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimmo","family":"Tuominen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reijo","family":"Savolainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022012819432818600_b1","unstructured":"Allen, T.J. 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