{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T21:47:42Z","timestamp":1759960062014,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this research is to describe a discourse analysis technique which can be used to analyze text or speech that is produced by people when discussing their information practices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The method involves coding the phrases and sentences of this interpretive discourse into the three domains of behavior investigated in psychology and education, namely, the affective domain of evaluating and intending, the cognitive domain of appraising and planning, and the sensorimotor domain of noticing, perceiving, and executing or acting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Samples of discourse from independent published sources were categorized and coded. In every case people's self\u2010descriptions of their information practices are shown to contain references to their activities in these three domains. A model is presented to depict how information behavior can be represented as a continuous processing flow of satisficing and optimizing behavior. These mental behavioral procedures are practiced by individuals in information settings as members of a group or culture, and are reflected in the verbal accounts they construct about their information behavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model of ecological constructionism, upon which the coding technique is based, needs to be tested in many more diverse contexts. Second, the model needs to address differences in types of information behavior such as searching, computing, blogging, etc., as well as different information settings and purposes of use, e.g. online shopping, doing job tasks with the computer, etc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>The technique can theoretically be automated and applied to the processing of large volumes of text produced daily in the online environment. The results yield a type of average digital code that can serve as an index of people's information behaviors in these diverse settings with regard to their affective, cognitive and sensorimotor activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model or theory was constructed by integrating the concepts of \u201csatisficing\u201d and \u201coptimizing\u201d in decision making with research in information behavior, human ecology, social cognitive theory and ethnomethodology. The model is comprehensive and general enough to provide a potentially useful common topical reference chart for human studies in information science.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410710743270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,20]],"date-time":"2007-04-20T10:55:52Z","timestamp":1177066552000},"page":"323-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["A discourse analysis technique for charting the flow of micro\u2010information behavior"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Diane","family":"Nahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaver, W.W. (1991), \u201cTechnology affordances\u201d, Proceedings of CHI'91, New Orleans, April 28\u2010May 2, 1991, ACM, New York, NY, pp. 79\u201084.","DOI":"10.1145\/108844.108856"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b2","unstructured":"Gibson, J.J. (1986), The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ."},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakobovits, L.A. and Nahl\u2010Jakobovits, D. (1987), \u201cLearning the library: taxonomy of skills and errors\u201d, College and Research Libraries, Vol. 48 No. 3, pp. 203\u201014.","DOI":"10.5860\/crl_48_03_203"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jakobovits, L.A. and Nahl\u2010Jakobovits, D. (1990), \u201cMeasuring information searching competence\u201d, College & Research Libraries, Vol. 51 No. 5, pp. 448\u201062.","DOI":"10.5860\/crl_51_05_448"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b5","unstructured":"James, L. and Nahl, D. (1977), \u201cApplied psycholinguistics in social psychology: an ethnomethodological approach\u201d, unpublished technical report on the Daily Round Archives, Department of Psychology and School of Library and Information Studies, University of Hawaii, available at: www.soc.hawaii.edu\/leonj\/leonj\/leonpsy\/instructor\/applied_psycholing.html (accessed August 31, 2005)."},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewin, K. (1948), Resolving Social Conflict and Field Theory in Social Science, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC (reprinted 1997).","DOI":"10.1037\/10269-000"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makela, A., Giller, V., Tscheligi, M. and Sefelin, R. (2000), \u201cJoking, storytelling, artsharing, expressing affection: a field trial of how children and their social network communicate with digital images in leisure time\u201d, Conference on Human Factors in Computing System Proceedings, pp. 548\u201055.","DOI":"10.1145\/332040.332499"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b12","unstructured":"Nahl, D. (1995), \u201cAffective elaborations in Boolean search instructions for novices: effects on comprehension, self\u2010confidence, and error type\u201d, Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science (ASIS), Vol. 32, Chicago, IL, October 9\u201012, pp. 69\u201076."},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nahl, D. (1998), \u201cLearning the Internet and the structure of information behavior\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 49 No. 11, pp. 1017\u201023.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(1998)49:11<1017::AID-ASI8>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nahl, D. (2001), \u201cA conceptual framework for defining information behavior\u201d, Studies in Multimedia Information Literacy Education (SIMILE), Vol. 1 No. 2, available at: www.utpjournals.com\/jour.ihtml?lp=simile\/issue2\/nahl1.html (accessed August 31, 2005).","DOI":"10.3138\/sim.1.2.001"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nahl, D. (2004), \u201cMeasuring the affective information environment of Web searchers\u201d, Proceedings of the 67th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science & Technology (ASIS&T), Vol. 41, Providence, RI, November 15\u201019, Information Today, Medford, NJ, pp. 191\u20107.","DOI":"10.1002\/meet.1450410122"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b8","unstructured":"Nahl, D. (2006), \u201cA symbiotic human\u2010machine model for tracking user micro\u2010attributes\u201d, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICCS), Kauai, available at: www.itl.nist.gov\/iaui\/vvrg\/hicss39\/HICSS\u20102006\u2010Nahl1.doc (accessed January 27, 2006)."},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b13","unstructured":"Nahl, D. and Harada, V. (1996), \u201cComposing Boolean search statements: self\u2010confidence, concept analysis, search logic, and errors\u201d, School Library Media Quarterly, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 201\u20107."},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nahl, D. and Tenopir, C. (1996), \u201cAffective and cognitive searching behavior of novice end\u2010users of a full text database\u201d, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 47 No. 4, pp. 276\u201086.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199604)47:4<276::AID-ASI3>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b15","unstructured":"Nahl\u2010Jakobovits, D. and Jakobovits, L.A. (1992), \u201cA content analysis method for developing user\u2010based objectives\u201d, Research Strategies, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 4\u201016."},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potter, J. and Wetherell, M. (1995), \u201cDiscourse analysis\u201d, in Smith, J.A., Harr\u00e9, R. and Van Langenhove, L. (Eds), Rethinking Methods in Psychology, Sage, London, pp. 80\u201092.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446221792.n6"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b17","unstructured":"Savolainen, R. (2004), \u201cEnthusiastic, realistic and critical: discourses of Internet use in the context of everyday life information seeking\u201d, Information Research, Vol. 10 No. 1, Paper 198, available at: http:\/\/InformationR.net\/ir\/10\u20101\/paper198.html (accessed August 31, 2005)."},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon, H.A. (1956), \u201cRational choice and the structure of the environment\u201d, Psychological Review, Vol. 63, pp. 129\u201038.","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042769"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talja, S. (1999), \u201cAnalyzing qualitative interview data: the discourse analytic method\u201d, Library and Information Science Research, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 459\u201077.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-8188(99)00024-9"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b20","unstructured":"Tenopir, C., Nahl\u2010Jakobovits, D. and Howard, D.L. (1991), \u201cStrategies and assessments online: novices' experience\u201d, Library and Information Science Research, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 237\u201066."},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuominen, K. (1997), \u201cUser\u2010centered discourse: an analysis of the subject positions of the user and the librarian\u201d, The Library Quarterly, Vol. 67 No. 4, pp. 350\u201071.","DOI":"10.1086\/629971"},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b21","unstructured":"Tuominen, K. (2004), \u201c\u2018Whoever increases his knowledge merely increases his heartache.\u2019 Moral tensions in heart surgery patients' and their spouses' talk about information seeking\u201d, Information Research, Vol. 10 No. 1, Paper 202, available at: http:\/\/InformationR.net\/ir\/10\u20101\/paper202.html (accessed August 31, 2005)."},{"key":"key2022030920451994700_b23","unstructured":"Tuominen, K. and Savolainen, R. (1997), \u201cSocial constructionist approach to the study of information use as discursive action\u201d, in Vakkari, P., Savolainen, R. and Dervin, B. 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