{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:53:26Z","timestamp":1754157206438,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,23]],"date-time":"2007-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1193097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this research is to examine the impact on usage of the journal <jats:italic>Nucleic Acids Research<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>NAR<\/jats:italic>) moving to an open access model. A major objective was to examine the impact of open access in the context of other initiatives that have improved accessibility to scholarly journals. The study also aims to demonstrate the potential of deep log analysis for monitoring change in usage over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were gathered from the logs for the period 2003\u2010June 2005 and analysed using deep log methods. The data were analysed to provide the following information on use: type of item viewed; usage over time; usage for individual journal issues; usage per type of article; age of article. Usage analyses were further examined with regard to the following user characteristics: subscriber\/non\u2010subscriber; referrer link employed, organisational affiliation; geographical location.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis showed that the rise in use of <jats:italic>NAR<\/jats:italic> over the survey period (140 per cent) could largely be attributed to the opening up of the site to search engines and that the move to OA had a relatively small influence on driving usage up further (less than 10 per cent).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study for the first time thoroughly analyses the usage data of a significant experimental open access journal and reveals the huge impact of search engines on driving up usage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410710836394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,3]],"date-time":"2007-11-03T08:01:54Z","timestamp":1194076914000},"page":"853-878","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Open access in context: a user study"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Nicholas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Huntington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hamid R.","family":"Jamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antelman, K. (2004), \u201cDo open access articles have a greater research impact?\u201d, College & Research Libraries, Vol. 65 No. 1, pp. 372\u201082.","key":"key2022020120044454700_b1","DOI":"10.5860\/crl.65.5.372"},{"unstructured":"Brody, T., Stamerjohanns, H., Harnad, S., Gingras, Y., Vallieres, F. and Oppenheim, C. (2004), \u201cThe effect of open access on citation impact\u201c, paper presented at National Policies on Open Access (OA) Provision for University Research Output: an International meeting, Southampton University, Southampton, 19 February 2004, available at: http:\/\/opcit.eprints.org\/feb19oa\/brody\u2010impact.pdf (accessed 29 August 2006).","key":"key2022020120044454700_b2"},{"unstructured":"Creaser, C. (2006), \u201cEvaluation of open access journal experiment: stage 2 interim data\u201d, Assessing the Impact of Open Access, Preliminary Findings from Oxford Journals, Oxford University Press, Oxford.","key":"key2022020120044454700_b3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eysenbach, G. (2006), \u201cCitation advantage of open access articles\u201d, PLoS Biology, Vol. 4 No. 5, e157 (accessed 1 September 2006).","key":"key2022020120044454700_b4","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040157"},{"unstructured":"Harnad, S. and Brody, T. (2004), \u201cComparing the impact of Open Access (OA) vs non\u2010OA articles in the same journals\u201d, D\u2010Lib Magazine, Vol. 10 No. 6, available at: www.dlib.org\/dlib\/june04\/harnad\/06harnad.html (accessed 1 September 2006).","key":"key2022020120044454700_b5"},{"unstructured":"Kurtz, M.J. (2004), \u201cRestrictive access policies cut readership of electronic research journal articles by a factor of two\u201d, paper presented at National Policies on Open Access (OA) Provision for University Research Output: an International meeting, Southampton University, Southampton, 19 February 2004, available at: http:\/\/opcit.eprints.org\/feb19oa\/kurtz.pdf (accessed 29 August 2006).","key":"key2022020120044454700_b6"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurtz, M.J., Eichhorn, G., Accomazzi, A., Grant, C., Demleitner, M., Henneken, E. and Murray, S.S. (2005), \u201cThe effect of use and access on citations\u201d, Information Processing & Management, Vol. 41 No. 6, pp. 1395\u2010402.","key":"key2022020120044454700_b7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2005.03.010"},{"unstructured":"Lamport, L. (2005), \u201cAuthors please, not content\u201d, Annals of Improbable Research, Vol. 11 No. 3, p. 2.","key":"key2022020120044454700_b8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence, S. (2001), \u201cFree online availability substantially increases a paper's impact\u201d, Nature, Vol. 411 No. 6837, p. 521.","key":"key2022020120044454700_b9","DOI":"10.1038\/35079151"},{"unstructured":"Nicholas, D. and Huntington, P. (2004), \u201cBlackwell's digital users: their characteristics, preferences and information seeking behaviour: a deep log analysis\u201d, University College London, London (restricted circulation report).","key":"key2022020120044454700_b10"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholas, D., Huntington, P. and Jamali, H.R. (2007), \u201cThe impact of open access publishing (and other access initiatives) on use and users of digital scholarly journals\u201d, Learned Publishing, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 11\u201015.","key":"key2022020120044454700_b11","DOI":"10.1087\/095315107779490599"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholas, D., Huntington, P. and Watkinson, A. (2005), \u201cScholarly journal usage: the results of a deep log analysis\u201d, Journal of Documentation, Vol. 61 No. 2, pp. 248\u201080.","key":"key2022020120044454700_b13","DOI":"10.1108\/00220410510585214"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholas, D., Huntington, P., Jamali, H.R. and Watkinson, A. (2006), \u201cThe information seeking behaviour of the users of digital scholarly journals\u201d, Information Processing & Management, Vol. 42 No. 5, pp. 1345\u201065.","key":"key2022020120044454700_b12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2006.02.001"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholas, D., Huntington, P., Williams, P. and Gunter, B. (2002), \u201cDigital visibility: menu prominence and its impact on use of the NHS Direct information channel on Kingston Interactive Television\u201d, Aslib Proceedings, Vol. 54 No. 4, pp. 213\u201021.","key":"key2022020120044454700_b14","DOI":"10.1108\/00012530210443311"},{"unstructured":"Sahu, D.K., Gogtay, N.J. and Bavdekar, S.B. (2005), \u201cEffect of open access on citations in a small biomedical journal\u201d, 5th International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication, 16\u201018 September 2005, Chicago, USA, available at: http:\/\/openmed.nic.in\/1174\/01\/PeerReview.pdf (accessed 1 September 2006).","key":"key2022020120044454700_b15"},{"unstructured":"Saxby, C. (2006), \u201cNAR author and reader survey\u201d, Assessing the Impact of Open Access, Preliminary Findings from Oxford Journals, Oxford University Press, Oxford.","key":"key2022020120044454700_b16"},{"unstructured":"Simkin, M.V. and Roychowdhury, V.P. (2003), \u201cRead before you cite!\u201d, available at: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/ftp\/cond\u2010mat\/papers\/0212\/0212043.pdf (accessed 23 March 2007).","key":"key2022020120044454700_b17"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simkin, M.V. and Roychowdhury, V.P. (2005), \u201cDo copied citations create renowned papers?\u201d, Annals of Improbable Research, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 24\u20109.","key":"key2022020120044454700_b18","DOI":"10.3142\/107951405781748210"}],"container-title":["Journal of Documentation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/00220410710836394\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/00220410710836394\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:37:51Z","timestamp":1753400271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jd\/article\/63\/6\/853-878\/202041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,23]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/00220410710836394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/00220410710836394","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-0418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,23]]}}}