{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:50:26Z","timestamp":1777485026536,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The article concerns information literacies in an environment characterised by the two partly competing and contradictory cultures of print and digital. The aim of the paper is to provide a better understanding of the ways in which students assess the credibility of sources they use in school, with a particular interest in how they treat participatory genres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>An ethnographic study of a school class's project work was conducted through observations, interviews, and log books in blog form. The analysis was influenced by a socio\u2010cultural perspective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study provides increased empirically based understanding of students' information literacy practices. Four non\u2010exclusive approaches to credibility stemming from control, balance, commitment, and multiplicity were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study adds to the understanding of how credibility is assessed in school environments with a particular focus on how digital and participatory genres are treated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411111145043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,25]],"date-time":"2011-07-25T09:57:55Z","timestamp":1311587875000},"page":"675-694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Debating credibility: the shaping of information literacies in upper secondary school"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Francke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"Sundin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Limberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alexandersson, M. and Limberg, L. (2003), \u201cConstructing meaning through information artefacts\u201d, The New Review of Information Behaviour Research, Vol. 4, pp. 17\u201030.","DOI":"10.1080\/14716310310001631417"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bawden, D. (2001), \u201cInformation and digital literacies: a review of concepts\u201d, Journal of Documentation, Vol. 57 No. 2, pp. 218\u201059.","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007083"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b3","unstructured":"Bazerman, C. (1988), Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and Activity of the Experimental Article in Science, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bolter, J.D. (2001), Writing Space: Computers, Hypertext, and the Remediation of Print, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410600110"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruce, B.C. (1997), \u201cLiteracy technologies: what stance should we take?\u201d, Journal of Literacy Research, Vol. 29 No. 2, pp. 289\u2010309.","DOI":"10.1080\/10862969709547959"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b6","unstructured":"Cole, M. (1996), Cultural Psychology: A Once and Future Discipline, Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b7","unstructured":"Francke, H. and Sundin, O. (2009) Vol. 27, \u201cFormat agnostics or format believers? How students in high school use genre to assess credibility\u201d, ASIS&T 09, Proceedings of the 72nd Annual Meeting, 46, available at: www.asis.org\/Conferences\/AM09\/open\u2010proceedings\/posters\/58.xml (accessed 27 August 2010)."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b8","unstructured":"Gee, P.J. (1990), Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discources, The Falmer Press, London."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b9","unstructured":"Genette, G. (1997), Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b10","unstructured":"Harding, S. (1991), Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking from Women's Lives, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hilligoss, B. and Rieh, S.Y. (2008), \u201cDeveloping a unifying framework of credibility assessment: construct, heuristics and interaction in context\u201d, Information Processing & Management, Vol. 44 No. 4, pp. 1467\u201084.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2007.10.001"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Julien, H. and Barker, S. (2009), \u201cHow high school students evaluate scientific information: a basis for information literacy skills development\u201d, Library & Information Science Research, Vol. 31, pp. 12\u201017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lisr.2008.10.008"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhlthau, C.C. (1993), \u201cA principle of uncertainty for information seeking\u201d, Journal of Documentation, Vol. 49 No. 4, pp. 339\u201055.","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026918"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b14","unstructured":"Landow, G.P. (1997), Hypertext 2.0: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD and London."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b15","unstructured":"Lankes, R.D. (2008), \u201cTrusting the internet: new approaches to credibility tools\u201d, in Metzger, M.J. and Flanagin, A.J. (Eds), Digital Media, Youth and Credibility, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 101\u201022."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b16","unstructured":"Lankshear, C. and Knobel, M. (2003), New Literacies: Everyday Practices and Classroom Learning, Open University Press, Maidenhead."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b17","unstructured":"Lankshear, C. and Knobel, M. (2008), \u201cIntroduction: digital literacies \u2013 concepts, policies and practices\u201d, in Lankshear, C. and Knobel, M. (Eds), Digital Literacies: Concepts, Policies and Practices, Peter Lang, New York, NY, pp. 1\u201016."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b18","unstructured":"Latour, B. (1987), Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b19","unstructured":"Levy, D. (2003), \u201cDocuments and libraries: a sociotechnical perspective\u201d, in Peterson Bishop, A., Van House, N.A. and Buttenfield, B.P. (Eds), Digital Library Use: Social Practices in Design and Evaluation, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 25\u201042."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b20","unstructured":"Limberg, L. (1999), \u201cThree conceptions of information seeking and use\u201d, in Wilson, T. and Allen, D. (Eds), Exploring the Contexts of Information Behaviour: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts, Taylor Graham, London, pp. 116\u201032."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b21","unstructured":"Limberg, L. (2007), \u201cLearning assignment as task in information seeking research\u201d, Information Research, Vol. 12 No. 4, paper colis28, available at: http:\/\/InformationR.net\/ir\/12\u20104\/colis\/colis28.html (accessed 27 August 2010)."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Limberg, L., Alexandersson, M. and Lantz\u2010Andersson, A. (2008), \u201cTo be lost and to be a loser through the web\u201d, in Hansson, T. (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Digital Information Technologies: Innovations, Methods, and Ethical Issues, Hershe, NY, pp. 248\u201062.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59904-970-0.ch017"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloyd, A. (2010), \u201cFraming information literacy as information practice: site ontology and practice theory\u201d, Journal of Documentation, Vol. 66 No. 2, pp. 245\u201058.","DOI":"10.1108\/00220411011023643"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b24","unstructured":"Luyt, B., Zainal, C.Z.B.C., Mayo, O.V.P. and Yun, T.S. (2008), \u201cYoung people's perceptions and usage of Wikipedia\u201d, Information Research, Vol. 13 No. 4, paper 377, available at: http:\/\/InformationR.net\/ir\/13\u20104\/paper377.html (accessed 27 August 2010)."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcum, J.W. (2002), \u201cRethinking information literacy\u201d, Library Quarterly, Vol. 72 No. 1, pp. 1\u201026.","DOI":"10.1086\/603335"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b26","unstructured":"Martin, A. (2008), \u201cDigital literacy and the \u2018digital society\u2019\u201d, in Lankshear, C. and Knobel, M. (Eds), Digital Literacies: Concepts, Policies and Practices, Peter Lang, New York, NY, pp. 151\u201076."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meola, M. (2004), \u201cChucking the checklist: a contextual approach to teaching undergraduates web\u2010site evaluation\u201d, portal: Libraries and the Academy, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 331\u201044.","DOI":"10.1353\/pla.2004.0055"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b28","unstructured":"Miller, C.R. (1994), \u201cGenre as social action\u201d, in Freedman, A. and Medway, P. (Eds), Genre and the New Rhetoric, Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 23\u201042."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b29","unstructured":"Patton, M.Q. (1990), Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, 2nd ed., Sage, Newbury Park, CA."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rieh, S.Y. and Danielson, D.R. (2007), \u201cCredibility: a multidisciplinary framework\u201d, in Cronin, B. (Ed.), Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 41, Information Today, Medford, NJ, pp. 307\u201064.","DOI":"10.1002\/aris.2007.1440410114"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b31","unstructured":"Rieh, S.Y. and Hilligoss, B. (2008), \u201cCollege students' credibility judgments in the information\u2010seeking process\u201d, in Metzger, M.J. and Flanagin, A.J. (Eds), Digital Media, Youth and Credibility, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 49\u201072."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b32","unstructured":"Schatzki, T.R. (2001), \u201cIntroduction: practice theory\u201d, in Schatzki, T.R., Knorr Cetina, K. and von Savigny, E. (Eds), The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory, Routledge, London, pp. 1\u201014."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b33","unstructured":"Sundin, O. and Francke, H. (2009), \u201cIn search of credibility: pupils' information practices in learning environments\u201d, Information Research, Vol. 14 No. 4, paper 418, available at: http:\/\/InformationR.net\/ir\/14\u20104\/paper418.html (accessed 27 August 2010)."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b34","unstructured":"S\u00e4lj\u00f6, R. (1999), \u201cLearning as the use of tools: a sociocultural perspective on the human\u2010technology link\u201d, in Littleton, K. and Light, P. (Eds), Learning and Computers: Analysing Productive Interactions, Routledge, London, pp. 144\u201066."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b35","unstructured":"Todd, R.J. (2006), \u201cFrom information to knowledge: charting and measuring changes in students' knowledge of a curriculum topic\u201d, Information Research, Vol. 11 No. 4, paper 264, available at: http:\/\/InformationR.net\/ir\/11\u20104\/paper264.html (accessed 27 August 2010)."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuominen, K., Savolainen, R. and Talja, S. (2005), \u201cInformation literacy as a socio\u2010technical practice\u201d, Library Quarterly, Vol. 75 No. 3, pp. 329\u201045.","DOI":"10.1086\/497311"},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b37","unstructured":"Wikipedia: Neutral Point of View (2010), Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia, available at: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view (accessed 16 March 2010)."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b38","unstructured":"Wikipedia: Verifiability (2010), Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia, available at: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Verifiability (accessed 16 March 2010)."},{"key":"key2022021720070694300_b39","unstructured":"Wilson, P. (1983), Second\u2010hand Knowledge: An Inquiry into Cognitive Authority, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT and London."}],"container-title":["Journal of Documentation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/00220411111145043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/00220411111145043\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/00220411111145043\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:38:22Z","timestamp":1753400302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/jd\/article\/67\/4\/675-694\/210765"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/00220411111145043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/00220411111145043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0418","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]]}}}