{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:32:43Z","timestamp":1761517963148,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this research is to develop closed\u2010loop control of robotic welding processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The approach being developed is the creation of three\u2010dimensional models of the weld pool using stereo imagining. These models will be used in a model\u2010based feedback control system. Fusion of more than one sensor type in the controller is used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010dimensional images can be produced from stereo images of GMAW\u2010p weld pools. This requires coordinating the image capture with the arc pulse to allow observation of the pool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a work in progress. The imaging is not being done in real time at this point in time. Future work will address this issue. Also, how the image information is to be used to make corrections within the controller is future work.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Closing the loop on GMAW welding will allow robotic automation of welding to proceed to a much broader degree of application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper demonstrates that stereo imaging of out\u2010of\u2010position GMAW\u2010p weld pools is possible and the useful information can be obtained from these images. It also provides insights into the analysis required within the model\u2010based controller if one is to close the loop on the process specifically with regard to weld pool stability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/01439910510600236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,28]],"date-time":"2005-06-28T03:19:29Z","timestamp":1119928769000},"page":"350-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Development of closed\u2010loop control of robotic welding processes"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"John P.H.","family":"Steele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Mnich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Debrunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tyrone","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020519450016300_b1","unstructured":"Adolfsson, S., Bahrami, A., Bolmsjo, G. and Claesson, I. (1999), \u201cOn\u2010line quality monitoring in short\u2010circuit gas metal arc welding\u201d, Welding Journal, February, pp. 59s\u201073s."},{"key":"key2022020519450016300_b2","unstructured":"Astr\u00f6m, K.J. and Wittenmark, B. (1995), Adaptive Control, 2nd ed., Addison\u2010Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"key2022020519450016300_b3","unstructured":"AWS (2000), \u201cVision for welding industry\u201d, Technical Report, American Welding Society, Miami, FL, available at: www.aws.org\/research\/HIM.pdf."},{"key":"key2022020519450016300_b4","unstructured":"Hermans, M.J.M. and Ouden, G.D. (1999), \u201cProcess behavior and stability in short circuit gas metal arc welding\u201d, Welding Journal, April, pp. 137s\u201041s."},{"key":"key2022020519450016300_b5","unstructured":"Miller, C. and Crawford, M.H. (2002), \u201cWelding\u2010related expenditures, investments, and productivity measurement in U.S. manufacturing, construction, and mining industries\u201d, Technical Report, American Welding Society, Miami, FL, available at: www.aws.org\/research\/HIM.pdf."},{"key":"key2022020519450016300_b6","unstructured":"Mnich, C. (2004), \u201cDevelopment of a synchronized, high\u2010speed, stereovision system for in situ weld pool measurement\u201d, Master's thesis, Engineering Division, Colorado School of Mines."},{"key":"key2022020519450016300_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naidu, D.S., Ozcelik, S. and Moore, K.L. (2003), Modeling, Sensing and Control of Gas Metal Arc Welding, 1st ed., Elsevier Science Ltd, Kidlington, Oxford.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008044066-8\/50003-3"},{"key":"key2022020519450016300_b8","unstructured":"Rossiter, J.A. (2003), Model\u2010Based Predictive Control, 1st ed., Control Series, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL."},{"key":"key2022020519450016300_b9","unstructured":"Stava, E.K. (2002), \u201cTechnology gets to the root of pipe welding\u201d, available at: www.lincolnelectric.com\/knowledge\/articles\/content\/pipewelding.asp."},{"key":"key2022020519450016300_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subramaniam, S. and White, D.R. (2001), \u201cEffect of shield gas composition on surface tension of steel droplets in a gas\u2010metal\u2010arc welding wedling arc\u201d, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 32B, pp. 313\u201018.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11663-001-0054-2"},{"key":"key2022020519450016300_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, F., Hou, W.K., Hu, S.J., Kannatey\u2010Asibu, E., Schultz, W.W. and Wang, P.C. (2003), \u201cModelling and analysis of metal transfer in gas metal arc welding\u201d, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, No. 36, pp. 1143\u201052, available at: http:\/\/stacks.iop.org\/JPhysD\/36\/1143.","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/36\/9\/313"}],"container-title":["Industrial Robot: An International Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/01439910510600236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/01439910510600236\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/01439910510600236\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:49:56Z","timestamp":1753400996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ir\/article\/32\/4\/350-355\/183612"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"J.","family":"Nobertro Pires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/01439910510600236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/01439910510600236","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-991X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0143-991X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]}}}