{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:55:46Z","timestamp":1754157346596,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Service robots need to be programmable by their users who are in general unskilled in the art of robot programming. We have explored the use of spoken language for programming robots.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two applications domains were studied: that of route instructions and that of game instructions. The latter is work in progress. In both cases work started by recording verbal instructions representative of how human users would naturally address their robot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis of these instructions reveals references to high\u2010level functions natural to humans but challenging for designers of robots. The instruction structure reflects assumptions about the cognitive abilities of the listener and it is likely that some human capabilities for rational thinking will be required in service robots.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some of the high\u2010level functions called for by natural communication stretch current capabilities and there is a clear case for more effort being devoted in some areas. Instruction analysis provides pointers to such research topics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is proposed that service robot design should start with investigating the way end\u2010users will communicate with the robot. This is encapsulated in the \u201ccorpus\u2010based\u201d approach to robot design illustrated in this paper. This results in more functional service robots.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper stresses the importance of considering human\u2010robot communication early in the robot design process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/01439910510629235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,15]],"date-time":"2007-01-15T15:57:58Z","timestamp":1168876678000},"page":"499-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The impact of spoken interfaces on the design of service robots"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Bugmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020620372418300_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bos, J. (2002), \u201cCompilation of unification grammars with compositional semantics to speech recognition packages. COLING 2002\u201d, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 106\u201012.","DOI":"10.3115\/1072228.1072323"},{"key":"key2022020620372418300_b2","unstructured":"Bos, J., Klein, E., Lemon, O. and Oka, T. (2003), \u201cDIPPER: description and formalisation of an information\u2010state update dialogue system architecture\u201d, paper presented at Fourth SIGdial Workshop on Discourse and Dialogue, Sapporo."},{"key":"key2022020620372418300_b3","unstructured":"Bugmann, G., Klein, E., Lauria, S. and Kyriacou, T. (2004), \u201cCorpus\u2010based robotics: a route instruction example\u201d, Proceedings of IAS\u20108, 10\u201013 March, pp. 96\u2010103, Amsterdam."},{"key":"key2022020620372418300_b4","unstructured":"Crangle, C. and Suppes, P. (1994), \u201cLanguage and learning for robots\u201d, CSLI Lecture Notes No. 41, Centre for the Study of Language and Communication, Stanford, CA."},{"key":"key2022020620372418300_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huffman, S.B. and Laird, J.E. (1995), \u201cFlexibly instructable agents\u201d, Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, Vol. 3, pp. 271\u2010324.","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.150"},{"key":"key2022020620372418300_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyriacou, T., Bugmann, G. and Lauria, S. (2005), \u201cVision\u2010based urban navigation procedures for verbally instructed robots\u201d, Robots and Autonomous Systems, Vol. 51, pp. 69\u201080.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2004.08.011"},{"key":"key2022020620372418300_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lauria, S., Kyriacou, T., Bugmann, G., Bos, J. and Klein, E. (2002), \u201cConverting natural language route instructions into robot\u2010executable procedures\u201d, Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (Roman'02), pp. 223\u20108, Berlin.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2002.1045626"},{"key":"key2022020620372418300_b8","unstructured":"Matsui, T., Asoh, H., Fry, J., Motomura, Y., Asano, F., Kurita, T., Hara, I. and Otsu, N. (1999), \u201cIntegrated natural spoken dialogue system of Jijo\u20102 mobile robot for office services\u201d, Proceedings of AAAI\/IAAI, pp. 621\u20107."},{"key":"key2022020620372418300_b9","unstructured":"Torrance, M.C. (1994), \u201cNatural communication with robots\u201d, MSc thesis, MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science."},{"key":"key2022020620372418300_b10","unstructured":"Wolf, J.C. and Bugmann, G. (2005), \u201cMultimodal corpus collection for the design of user programmable robots\u201d, Proceedings of the Taros'05, London."}],"container-title":["Industrial Robot: An International Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/01439910510629235","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/01439910510629235\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/01439910510629235\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:49:58Z","timestamp":1753400998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/ir\/article\/32\/6\/499-504\/182832"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Guido","family":"Bugmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/01439910510629235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/01439910510629235","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-991X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0143-991X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]}}}