{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:56:05Z","timestamp":1754157365823,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,26]],"date-time":"2013-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a bottom\u2010up, model\u2010free approach when building robots is often seen as a less scientific way, compared to a top\u2010down model\u2010based approach, because the results are not easily generalizable to other systems. The authors, however, hypothesize that this problem may be addressed by using solid experimental methods. The purpose of this paper is to show how well\u2010known experimental methods from bio\u2010mechanics are used to measure and locate weaknesses in a bottom\u2010up, model\u2010free implementation of a quadruped walker and come up with a better solution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the bottom\u2010up, mode\u2010free approach, the authors used the robotic construction kit, LocoKit. This construction kit allows researchers to construct legged robots, without having a mathematical model beforehand. The authors used no specific mathematical model to design the robot, but instead used intuition and took inspiration from biology. The results were afterwards compared with results gained from biology, to see if the robot has some of the key elements the authors were looking for.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the use of LocoKit as the experimental platform, combined with known experimental measurement methods from biology, the authors have shown how a bottom\u2010up, model\u2010free design approach can be used to gain specific knowledge on a robotic platform, and also how knowledge can potentially be generalized from this approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper shows that even though a bottom\u2010up, model\u2010free approach was taken, the results can still be compared with results from, for example, biology, because solid experimental methods were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/01439911311309933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,22]],"date-time":"2013-04-22T11:22:45Z","timestamp":1366629765000},"page":"238-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased performance in a bottom\u2010up designed robot by experimentally guided redesign"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jorgen","family":"Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kasper","family":"Stoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sten","family":"Grimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Gro\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031620110511500_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrews, B., Miller, B., Schmitt, J. and Clark, J.E. 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