{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:08:44Z","timestamp":1773767324602,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Notes that outsourcing is just one of the means by which the boundary of the firm can be adjusted. Considers various other means such as conglomeration and horizontal and vertical integration. Focuses on outsourcing and its place in this bigger picture and discusses the history of outsourcing. Outlines concerns for managers and gives case examples from Rank Zerox and BP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570010358384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,13]],"date-time":"2007-04-13T10:11:45Z","timestamp":1176459105000},"page":"444-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["The historical development of outsourcing: the latest fad?"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Chris","family":"Lonsdale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B1","unstructured":"Chesbrough, H. and Teece, D. (1996), \u201cWhen is virtual virtuous?: organising for innovation\u201d, Harvard Business Review, January\u2010February, pp. 68\u201070."},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coase, R. (1937), \u201cThe nature of the firm\u201d, Economica, Vol. 4, pp. 386\u2010405.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x"},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B3","unstructured":"Cox, A. and Lonsdale, C. (1997), Strategic Outsourcing Methodologies in UK Companies, CBSP working paper, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham."},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B4","unstructured":"Cross, J. (1995), \u201cIT outsourcing: British Petroleum\u2019s competitive approach\u201d, Harvard Business Review, May\u2010June, pp. 94, 101."},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domberger, S. (1998), The Contracting Organisation, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 17.","DOI":"10.1093\/0198774575.001.0001"},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houston, A. and Youngs, G. (1996), \u201cPro\u2010active outsourcing \u2013 a strategic partnership: Rank Xerox Technical Centre\u201d, Facilities, Vol. 14 Nos 7\/8, pp. 40\u20107.","DOI":"10.1108\/02632779610123371"},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B7","unstructured":"KPMG (1997), The Maturing of Outsourcing, KPMG, London, p. 14."},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B8","unstructured":"Lacity, M. and Hirschheim, R. (1993), Information Systems Outsourcing: Myths, Metaphors and Realities, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, p. 9."},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B9","unstructured":"Lonsdale, C. and Cox, A. (1998), Oursourcing: A Business Guide to Risk Management Tools and Techniques."},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B10","unstructured":"PA Consulting Group (1996), Strategic Sourcing: International Survey, PA Group, London,  pp. 8,26"},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B11","unstructured":"Peters, T. and Waterman, R. (1982), In Search of Excellence, Harper & Row, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B12","unstructured":"Quinn, J. and Hilmer, F. (1994), \u201cStrategic outsourcing\u201d, Sloan Management Review, Summer, p. 53."},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B13","unstructured":"Rumelt, R. (1974), Strategy, Structure and Economic Performance, Harvard University Press, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabbagh, D. (1998), Computer, 26 November, p. 18.","DOI":"10.1145\/278677.565000"},{"key":"key2022031620014421100_B15","unstructured":"Williamson, O (1985), The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, Free Press, New York, NY."}],"container-title":["Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/02635570010358384","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02635570010358384\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02635570010358384\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:36:57Z","timestamp":1753400217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/imds\/article\/100\/9\/444-450\/390874"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/02635570010358384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02635570010358384","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-5577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]}}}