{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T21:35:40Z","timestamp":1771018540605,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In currently facing dynamic environments, the tools of strategic management appear to be more and more important in improving the quality of decision\u2010making. Among the great Chinese wisdoms, Sun Tzu's, <jats:italic>The Art of War<\/jats:italic>, is probably the oldest military book in Chinese with principles which Sun Tzu advocated, still very valuable in business operations today. Thus, this study tends to evaluate the relationships among Sun Tzu's principles of situation appraisal, strategy implementation, and strategic control through an empirical study. Furthermore, how the levels of adoption on Sun Tzu's principles of situation appraisal, strategy implementation, and strategic control impact on a firm acquiring its key success factors is also verified. The results show that the adoption levels of Sun Tzu's principles on situation appraisal, strategy implementation, and strategic control are highly interrelated. The adoption levels are positively related to the firm acquiring its key success factors, as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570410537480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,29]],"date-time":"2004-09-29T15:21:14Z","timestamp":1096471274000},"page":"396-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A study of strategy implementation as expressed through Sun Tzu's principles of war"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Wann\u2010Yih","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chih","family":"Hsiung Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Jung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b1","unstructured":"Aaker, D.A. (2001), Strategic Market Management, Wiley, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b2","unstructured":"Ames, R. (1993), Sun\u2010Tzu The Art of Warfare, Ballantine Books, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b3","unstructured":"Attaran, A. and Grijalva, S.M. (2001), \u201cStrategic management of technology at Frito\u2010Lay's Kern manufacturing facility\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 101 No. 6, pp. 264\u201072."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b4","unstructured":"Bamber, C.J., Sharp, J.M. and Hides, M.T. (1999), \u201cFactors affecting successful implementation of total productive maintenance: a UK manufacturing case study perspective\u201d, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 162\u201081."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b5","unstructured":"Boney, K. (1995), \u201cDefining the new competitive language\u201d, Cellular Business, Vol. 12 No. 9, pp. 88\u201091."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b6","unstructured":"Farrell, E. and DeRose, R. (2000), \u201cRestoration operation\u201d, Best's Review, Vol. 101 No. 7, pp. 51\u201062."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b7","unstructured":"Fennelly, J.P. (1998), \u201cSeeking strategic advantage through health policy analysis\u201d, Journal of Health Politics, Vol. 23 No. 5, pp. 867\u201070."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b8","unstructured":"Ganuge, J. (2001), \u201cUsing an interim financial controller to grow your business\u201d, Strategic Finance, Vol. 83 No. 1, pp. 46\u201050."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grundy, T. (1996), \u201cStrategy, acquisitions and value\u201d, European Management Journal, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 181\u20108.","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-2373(95)00062-3"},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b10","unstructured":"Hill, C.W.L. and Jones, G.R. (1998), Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach, 4th ed., Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b11","unstructured":"Kotler, P. (1997), Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Control, 9th ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b12","unstructured":"Lin, J\u2010H. (1994), \u201cDiscussions about Sun Tzu's thought of strategy formulation and implementation\u201d, The Chinese Journal of Administration, Vol. 55, pp. 17\u201028."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b13","unstructured":"Liu, S. (1998), \u201cStrategic scanning and interpretation revisiting: foundations for a software agent support system \u2013 Part 1: understanding the concept and context of strategic scanning\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 98 No. 7, pp. 295\u2010312."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b14","unstructured":"McComb, J.A. (2001), \u201cMoving from planning to progress\u201d, Credit Union Executive Journal, Vol. 41 No. 4, pp. 24\u20107."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b15","unstructured":"Pavetti, L.D., Michelle, K., Anderson, J., Trippe, C. and Paschal, S. (2001), \u201cChanging the culture of the welfare office: the role of intermediaries in linking TANF recipients with jobs\u201d, Economic Policy Review \u2013 Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 63\u201076."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b16","unstructured":"Peters, T.J. and Waterman, R.H.  Jr (1982), In Search of Excellence Lessons from America's Best Run Companies, Harper and Row, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b17","unstructured":"Porter, M.E. (1980), Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, Free Press, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b18","unstructured":"Porter, M.E. (1985), Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, Free Press, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b19","unstructured":"Prince, T.R. (1998), \u201cStrategic assessment of hospitals and health systems: a financial analyst's perspective\u201d, Commercial Lending Review, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 11\u201020."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b20","unstructured":"Quazi, H.A. (2001), \u201cSustainable development: integrating environmental issues into strategic planning\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 101 No. 2, pp. 64\u201070."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b21","unstructured":"Raymond, L., Julien, P.A. and Ramangalahy, C. (2001), \u201cTechnological scanning by small Canadian manufacturers\u201d, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 39 No. 2, pp. 123\u201038."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b22","unstructured":"Rousseau, Y. and Rousseau, P. (1999\/2000), \u201cTurning strategy into action in financial services\u201d, CMA Management, Vol. 73 No. 10, pp. 25\u20109."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b23","unstructured":"Rowe, A.J. (1994), Strategic Management: A Methodological Approach, 4th ed., Addison\u2010Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saad, G.H. (2001), \u201cStrategic performance evaluation: descriptive and prescriptive analysis\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 101 No. 8, pp. 390\u20109.","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000006169"},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b25","unstructured":"Taudes, A. (1998), \u201cSoftware growth options\u201d, Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 165\u201085."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b26","unstructured":"Tung, R.L. (1994), \u201cStrategic management thought in East Asia\u201d, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp. 55\u201065."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b27","unstructured":"Vasconcellos, E.S.J. and Hambrick, D.C. (1989), \u201cKey success factors: test of a general theory in the mature industrial\u2010product sector\u201d, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 10, pp. 367\u201082."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b28","unstructured":"Wee, C\u2010H., Lee, K\u2010S. and Hidajat, B.W. (1991), Sun Tzu War & Management, Addison\u2010Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b29","unstructured":"Wing, L. and Perry, G. (2001), \u201cToward twenty\u2010first\u2010century pharmaceutical sales and operations planning\u201d, Pharmaceutical Technology, pp. 20\u20106."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b30","unstructured":"Wong, Y.Y., Maher, T.E. and Lee, G. (1998), \u201cThe strategy of an ancient warrior: an inspiration for international managers\u201d, Multinational Business Review, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 83\u201093."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_b31","unstructured":"Wright, P.P., Charles, D. and Kroll, M.J. (1994), Strategic Management: Text and Cases, 2nd ed., Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2021010421122972300_frd1","unstructured":"Wee, C.H. (1994), \u201cSun Tzu's art of war selected applications to strategic thinking and business practices\u201d, International Review of strategic management, Vol. 5, pp. 83\u2010109."}],"container-title":["Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02635570410537480\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02635570410537480\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:37:22Z","timestamp":1753400242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/imds\/article\/104\/5\/396-408\/181302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/02635570410537480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02635570410537480","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-5577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]}}}