{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:39:08Z","timestamp":1772800748722,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]],"date-time":"2005-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study is to discuss the critical success factors involved in implementing a knowledge management system (KMS), in order to enhance a firm's competitiveness, while keeping costs to a minimum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on field studies and a literature review, this study outlined 32 variables in the implementation of a KMS. The research targets were on members of the Taiwan Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management Association (TPMMA). Out of the 355 questionnaires sent, 98 valid questionnaires were returned, resulting in a valid return rate of 27.6 percent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>After completing the statistical analysis, seven factors were determined to be critical: a benchmarking strategy and knowledge structure; the organizational culture; information technology; employee involvement and training; the leadership and the commitment of senior management; a learning environment and resource control; and evaluation of professional training and teamwork.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper chooses members of TPMMA as research targets; thus, to apply this study to other than pharmaceutical industries requires further research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Strategy and organizational culture are important in the adoption of a KMS. This study has determined that the pharmaceutical industry has paid special attention to benchmarking strategy. Adopting a KMS can be easy with a core department to maintain proper function of the system. However, companies should utilize the intangible assets available through a KMS to attain full participation from the employees to ensure the success of implementing an effective KMS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper identifies critical factors in adopting a KMS for the pharmaceutical industry. That can offer pragmatic indication for those companies intent on introducing a KMS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570510583307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,28]],"date-time":"2005-03-28T17:51:06Z","timestamp":1112032266000},"page":"164-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Critical factors in adopting a knowledge management system for the pharmaceutical industry"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Yu\u2010Chung","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shi\u2010Ming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Quo\u2010Pin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mei\u2010Ling","family":"\u2010Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alavi, M. and Leidner, D.E. (2001), \u201cReview: knowledge management and knowledge management systems: conceptual foundations and research issues\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 25 No. 1, pp. 107\u201036.","DOI":"10.2307\/3250961"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allee, V. (1997), \u201cTwelve principles of knowledge management\u201d, Training & Development, Vol. 51 No. 11, pp. 71\u20104.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-9842-9.50009-X"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b3","unstructured":"Barsky, N. and Marchant, G. (2000), \u201cThe most valuable resource: measuring and managing intellectual capital\u201d, Strategic Finance Magazine, Vol. 81 No. 8, pp. 58\u201062."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bassi, L. and Ven Buren, M. (1999), \u201cValuing investments in intellectual capital\u201d, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 18 No. 5, pp. 414\u201032.","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTM.1999.002779"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatt, G. (2001), \u201cKnowledge management in organizations: examining the interaction between technologies, techniques, and people\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 68\u201075.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270110384419"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourdreau, A. and Couillard, G. (1999), \u201cSystems integration and knowledge management\u201d, Information Systems Management, Vol. 16 No. 4, pp. 24\u201032.","DOI":"10.1201\/1078\/43189.16.4.19990901\/31200.4"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b8","unstructured":"Buckman, R. (1999), \u201cCollaborative knowledge\u201d, Human Resource Planning, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 22\u20103."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chau, P.Y.K. and Tam, K.Y. (1997), \u201cFactors affecting the adoption of open systems: an exploratory study\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 1\u201024.","DOI":"10.2307\/249740"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b11","unstructured":"Cohen, S. and Backer, N. (1999), \u201cMaking and mining intellectual capital: method or madness?\u201d, Training & Development, Vol. 53 No. 9, pp. 46\u201050."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davenport, T. and Klahr, P. (1998), \u201cManaging customer support knowledge\u201d, California Management Review, Vol. 40 No. 3, pp. 195\u2010208.","DOI":"10.2307\/41165950"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b13","unstructured":"Davenport, T., De Long, D. and Beers, M. (1998), \u201cSuccessful knowledge management projects\u201d, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 39 No. 2, pp. 43\u201057."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, T. (1996), \u201cManaging knowledge\u2010work support functions\u201d, Journal of General Management, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 68\u201086.","DOI":"10.1177\/030630709602200105"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b15","unstructured":"Day, J. and Wendler, J. (1998), \u201cBest practice and beyond: knowledge strategies\u201d, The McKinsey Quarterly, No. 1, pp. 19\u201025."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dess, G. and Picken, J. (2000), \u201cChanging roles: leadership in the 21st century\u201d, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 18\u201034.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-2616(00)88447-8"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drew, S. (1997), \u201cFrom knowledge to action: the impact of benchmarking on organizational performance\u201d, Long Range Planning, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 427\u201041.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-6301(97)90262-4"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duval, C. (1999), \u201cDeveloping individual freedom to act: empowerment in the knowledge organization\u201d, Participation & Empowerment: An International Journal, Vol. 7 No. 8, pp. 204\u20107.","DOI":"10.1108\/14634449910303603"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b19","unstructured":"Earl, M.J. (1999), \u201cOpinion: what is a chief knowledge officer?\u201d, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 40 No. 2, pp. 29\u201038."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b20","unstructured":"Geraint, J. (1998), \u201cShare strength: developing a culture of knowledge sharing\u201d, People Management, Vol. 4 No. 16, pp. 44\u20107."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greco, J. (1999), \u201cKnowledge is power\u201d, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 18\u201022.","DOI":"10.1108\/eb039990"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b22","unstructured":"Greengard, S. (1998), \u201cWill your culture support KM?\u201d, Workforce, Vol. 77 No. 10, pp. 93\u20104."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta, B., Iyer, L.S. and Aronson, J.E. (2000), \u201cKnowledge management: practices and challenges\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 100 No. 1, pp. 17\u201021.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570010273018"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b24","unstructured":"Hickins, M. (1999), \u201cXerox shares its knowledge\u201d, Management Review, Vol. 88 No. 8, pp. 40\u20105."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b52","unstructured":"Holm, J. (2001), \u201cCapturing the spirit of knowledge management\u201d, paper presented at the American Conference on Information Systems, Boston, MA, August 3\u20105."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horwitch, M. and Armacost, R. (2002), \u201cHelping knowledge management be all it can be\u201d, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 26\u201032.","DOI":"10.1108\/eb040247"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh, C., Yang, H. and Lin, B. (2002), \u201cRoles of knowledge management in online procurement systems\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 102 No. 7, pp. 365\u201070.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570210439454"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaiser, H.F. (1958), \u201cThe varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis\u201d, Psychometrika, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 187\u2010200.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289233"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King, W. (1996), \u201cIs and the learning organization\u201d, Information Systems Management, Vol. 13 No. Summer, pp. 78\u201080.","DOI":"10.1080\/10580539608907005"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S.M. and Hong, S. (2002), \u201cAn enterprise\u2010wide knowledge management system infrastructure\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 102 No. 1\/2, pp. 17\u201025.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570210414622"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b31","unstructured":"McCune, J. (1999), \u201cThirst for knowledge\u201d, Management Review, Vol. 88 No. 4, pp. 10\u201012."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b30","unstructured":"Martinez, M. (1998), \u201cThe collective power of employee knowledge\u201d, HRM Magazine, Vol. 43 No. 2, pp. 88\u201094."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moffett, S., McAdam, R. and Parkinson, S. (2003), \u201cAn empirical analysis of knowledge management applications\u201d, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp. 6\u201026.","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270310485596"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Brien, O. and Crauise, R. (1995), \u201cEmployee involvement in performance improvement: a consideration of tacit knowledge, commitment and trust\u201d, Employee Relations, Vol. 17 No. 3, p. 110.","DOI":"10.1108\/01425459510145752"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Dell, C. and Grayson, J. (1998), \u201cIf only we knew what we know: identification and transfer of internal best practices\u201d, California Management Review, Vol. 40 No. 3, pp. 154\u201065.","DOI":"10.2307\/41165948"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ouintas, P., Lefrere, P. and Jones, G. (1997), \u201cKnowledge management: a strategic agenda\u201d, Long Range Planning, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 385\u201091.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-6301(97)90252-1"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paiva, E.L., Roth, A.V. and Fensterseifer, J.E. (2002), \u201cFocusing information in manufacturing: a knowledge management perspective\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 102 No. 9, pp. 381\u20109.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570210439472"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b37","unstructured":"Pearson, T. (1999), \u201cMeasurements and the knowledge revolution\u201d, Quality Progress, Vol. 32 No. 9, pp. 31\u20107."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan, S.D. and Prybutok, V.R. (2001), \u201cFactors affecting knowledge management technologies: a discriminative approach\u201d, Journal of Computer Information Systems, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 31\u20107.","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2001.11647019"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savary, M. (1999), \u201cKnowledge management and competition in the consulting industry\u201d, California Management Review, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 95\u2010107.","DOI":"10.2307\/41165988"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b40","unstructured":"Tynan, S. (1999), \u201cBest behaviors\u201d, Management Review, Vol. 88 No. 10, pp. 8\u201061."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b41","unstructured":"Ulrich, D. (1998), \u201cIntellectual capital=competence \u00d7 commitment\u201d, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 39 No. 2, pp. 15\u201026."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b42","unstructured":"Van Buren, M. (1998), \u201cVirtual coffee klatch\u201d, Technical Training, Vol. 9 No. 5, pp. 42\u20106."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b44","unstructured":"Verespej, M. (1999), \u201cKnowledge management: system or culture?\u201d, Industry Week, Vol. 248 No. 15, pp. 20\u20103."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S. (2002), \u201cKnowledge maps for managing web\u2010based business\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 102 No. 7, pp. 357\u201064.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570210439445"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward, J. (1997), \u201cImplementing employee empowerment\u201d, Information Systems Management, Vol. 14, Winter, pp. 62\u20107.","DOI":"10.1080\/10580539708907033"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wild, R.H., Griggs, K.A. and Downing, T. (2002), \u201cA framework for e\u2010learning as a tool for knowledge management\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 102 No. 7, pp. 371\u201080.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570210439463"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b48","unstructured":"Wilson, L. and Asay, D. (1999), \u201cPutting quality in knowledge management\u201d, Quality Progress, Vol. 32 No. 1, pp. 25\u201031."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zmud, R.W. (1982), \u201cDiffusion of modern software practices: influence of centralization and formalization\u201d, Management Science, Vol. 28 No. 14, pp. 1423\u201031.","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.28.12.1421"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_frdg1","unstructured":"Boynton, A.C. and Zmud, R.W. (1984), \u201cAn assessment of critical success factors\u201d, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 19\u201021."},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_frdg2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bukowitz, W. and Petrash, G. (1997), \u201cVisualizing, measuring and managing knowledge\u201d, Research Technology Management, Vol. 40 No. 4, pp. 24\u201031.","DOI":"10.1080\/08956308.1997.11671139"},{"key":"key2022021619473638800_frdg3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Horn, R. (1973), \u201cEmpirical studies of management information systems\u201d, Data Base, Vol. 5 Nos. 2\/3\/4, pp. 172\u201080.","DOI":"10.1145\/2579442.2579457"}],"container-title":["Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/02635570510583307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02635570510583307\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02635570510583307\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:37:29Z","timestamp":1753400249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/imds\/article\/105\/2\/164-183\/180706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/02635570510583307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02635570510583307","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-5577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]}}}