{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:53:03Z","timestamp":1754157183045,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To propose a structured framework for measuring white\u2010collar workforce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed framework, designated as the multi\u2010dimension measurement process or the MDMP, is based on the nature of white\u2010collar work as well as on the strengths of current measurement techniques such as Zigon's. The experiment on comparing the MDMP with several techniques was conducted. The analytic hierarchical process (AHP) has been adopted to determine the usefulness and applicability of the MDMP. The follow\u2010up discussions with the participants and the surveys to external experts have also been made.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The research results imply potential usefulness and applications for the MDMP. Relatively to others, the MDMP has performed very highly with the set of prioritized criteria (from the AHP) that is used for this comparison, e.g. reliability, strategic congruence, measurement coverage, and user acceptance. Based on this experiment, the MDMP appears to ensure the alignment between strategies and measurement, and also to gain the acceptance by both workers and supervisors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the small size (16 participants) and the limited scope (participants mainly from the accounting and finance areas), it is not possible to provide a definite conclusion on the effectiveness of the MDMP. More experiments and tests will be needed to determine the level of the MDMP generalization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Practical implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>A basis or a starting point to help develop a tool that can be used to measure white\u2010collar workforce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research incorporates several aspects relating to the work performed by white\u2010collar workforce from outputs\/outcomes, skills, behavior, and organizational goals. The needs to develop the framework that measures and captures the performance of white\u2010collar workforce have been cited by several sources for many years. The focus on measuring the workforce level is mainly for appraisal\/administrative purposes. As a result, the information may not reflect all aspects relating to the white\u2010collar work.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570610666421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,4]],"date-time":"2006-07-04T00:27:02Z","timestamp":1151972822000},"page":"644-662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A proposed white\u2010collar workforce performance measurement framework"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Josu","family":"Takala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Udomsak","family":"Suwansaranyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kongkiti","family":"Phusavat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b1","unstructured":"Beruvides, M.G. and Koelling, C.P. (1992), \u201cManagement tools: a technological issue in white\u2010collar\/knowledge work\u201d, Journal of Management of Technology III, Institute of Industrial Engineers, pp. 1357\u201063."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b2","unstructured":"Brown, M.G. and Svenson, R.A. (1998), \u201cMeasuring R&D productivity\u201d, from the Zigon Performance Group web site, available at: www.zigonperf.com."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b3","unstructured":"Cherrington, D.J. (1991), The Management of Human Resource, Allyn & Bacon, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b4","unstructured":"Deming, W.E. (1986), Out of the Crisis, MIT Center for Advanced Engineering Study, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b6","unstructured":"Gregerman, I.B. (1981), Knowledge Worker Productivity, AMACOM, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b10","unstructured":"Jones, S.D. and Schilling, D.J. (2000), Measuring Team Performance: A Step\u2010By\u2010Step, Customizable Approach for Managers, Facilitators, and Team Leaders, Jossey\u2010Bass, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b11","unstructured":"Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (2004), The Strategy Maps, Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b12","unstructured":"Kaydos, W. (1991), Measuring, Managing, and Maximizing Performance, Productivity Press, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leskinen, J. and Takala, J. (2005), \u201cHow to develop holistic satisfaction in Finnish ice hockey business environment\u201d, International Journal of Management & Enterprise Development, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 38\u201045.","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMED.2005.006023"},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b31","unstructured":"Levinson, H. (2003), Management by Whose Objectives, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b16","unstructured":"Noe, R.A., Hollenbeck, J.R., Gerhart, B. and Wright, P.M. (1996), Human Resource Management, McGraw\u2010Hill, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramirez, Y.W. and Nembhard, D.A. (2004), \u201cMeasuring knowledge worker productivity: a taxonomy\u201d, Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 602\u201028.","DOI":"10.1108\/14691930410567040"},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b19","unstructured":"Rummler, G.A. and Brache, A.P. (1995), Improving Performance: How to Manage the White Space on the Organization Chart, Jossey\u2010Bass, San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b21","unstructured":"Saaty, T.L. (2001), Decision Making for Leaders, RWS Publication, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez, C.M. (2000), \u201cPerformance improvement in international environments: designing individual performance interventions to fit national cultures\u201d, Performance Improvement Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 56\u201070.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1937-8327.2000.tb00165.x"},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b25","unstructured":"Schutz, W. (1994), The Human Element: Productivity, Self\u2010Esteem, and the Bottom Line, Jossey\u2010Bass, San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b23","unstructured":"Sink, D.S. and Tuttle, T.C. (1989), Planning and Measurement in Your Organization of the Future, IIE Press, Norcross, GA."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sumanth, D.J. (1998), Total Productivity Management, St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL.","DOI":"10.1201\/b15235"},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takala, J. (2002), \u201cAnalyzing and synthesizing multi\u2010focused manufacturing strategies by analytical hierarchy process\u201d, International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, Vol. 4 No. 5, pp. 345\u201050.","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMTM.2002.001454"},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, B.E. and Baron, J.P. (1994), \u201cEvaluating knowledge worker productivity: literature review\u201d, USACERL Interim Report.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA283866"},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b34","unstructured":"Thor, C.G. (1987), \u201c10 rules for building a measurement system\u201d, White paper for the American Productivity and Quality Center."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b28","unstructured":"Viken, K. (1995), Team Measurement: Some Whys, Whats and Hows, Center for the Study of Work Teams, University of North Texas, Austin, TX."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_b30","unstructured":"Zigon, J. (1998), \u201cMeasuring the hard stuff: teams and other hard\u2010to\u2010measure work\u201d, Zigon Performance Group, available at: www.zigonperf.com."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_frd1","unstructured":"Dixon, J.R., Nanni, A.J. and Vollmann, T.E. (1990), The new performance challenges: measuring operations of world\u2010class competitions, Down Jones\u2010Irwin, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_frd2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green, K.W., Medlin, B. and Whitten, D. (2004), \u201cDeveloping optimism to improve performance: an approach for the manufacturing sector\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 104 No. 5, pp. 106\u201014.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570410522071"},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_frd4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helo, P. (2005), \u201cManaging agility and productivity in the electronics industry\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 104 No. 7, pp. 567\u201077.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570410550232"},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_frd3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helo, P. and Szekely, B. (2004), \u201cLogistics information systems\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 105 No. 2, pp. 5\u201018.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570510575153"},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_frd5","unstructured":"Laurent, A. (1998), \u201cPremium on performance\u201d, available at: www.govexec.com."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_frd6","unstructured":"Minor, J.B. (1992), Industrial\u2010Organizational Psychology, McGraw\u2010Hill, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_frd7","unstructured":"Phusavat, K., Suwansaranyu, U. and Takala, J. (2003), \u201cEvaluating productivity measurement approaches for white\u2010collar workers\u201d, Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Symposium in Industrial Engineering, Kasetsart University, Thailand, pp. 40\u20109."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_frd8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saaty, T.L. (1980), The Analytic Hierarchy Process, McGraw\u2010Hill, New York, NY.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA214804"},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_frd9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schainbatt, A.H. (1982), \u201cHow companies measure productivity of engineers and scientists\u201d, Journal of Research Management, Vol. XXV No. 3.","DOI":"10.1080\/00345334.1982.11756727"},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_frd10","unstructured":"Sink, D.S. (1985), Productivity Management: Planning, Measurement and Evaluation, Control and Improvement, Wiley, New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021720401618500_frd11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yasmin, M.M., Wafa, M.A. and Zimmerer, T.W. (1995), \u201cA profile of successful U.S. manufacturers: a starting point for evaluating the effectiveness of manufacturing strategies and practices\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 95 No. 10, pp. 8\u201018.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635579510101456"}],"container-title":["Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/02635570610666421","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02635570610666421\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02635570610666421\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:37:42Z","timestamp":1753400262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/imds\/article\/106\/5\/644-662\/185923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/02635570610666421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02635570610666421","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5577"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0263-5577"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]}}}