{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:50:05Z","timestamp":1767847805682,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,28]],"date-time":"2011-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1309219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electronic learning (e\u2010learning) has gradually become an important part of university education. There is a trend among universities in Taiwan to offer more and more e\u2010learning courses. The effectiveness of teaching or learning in an e\u2010learning system can be quantified by multi\u2010criteria measures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching or learning in an e\u2010learning system measures in linguistic preferences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A generalized quantitative evaluation model that considers both the interdependence among measures and the fuzziness of subjective perception is currently lacking in the literature. The results indicated that the fuzzy analytical network process is a simple, suitable, and effective method of identifying the primary measures that influence the effectiveness of e\u2010learning, specifically in the context of interdependent measures and varying linguistic preferences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most significant measures of e\u2010learning effectiveness were the quality of the e\u2010learning system and learner attractiveness. Enhanced usage of multimedia features can attract learner attention and may eventually increase learner attractiveness. Reducing the waiting time for learning materials to load may improve the quality of the system. Furthermore, the management should actively maintain and improve the responsiveness of instructors to learner inquiries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The main contributions of this study are twofold. First, the evaluation can be considered as a complex\u2010dependence, hierarchical decision\u2010making problem. This study contains a review of the literature and identifies 21 criteria and five aspects to measure e\u2010learning system effectiveness. Second, this study integrates fuzzy set theory and the ANP to develop an evaluation model that prioritizes the relative weights of the proposed measures. The proposed method can be used to handle dependence within a set of measures and to construct a hierarchical structure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/02635571111144955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,25]],"date-time":"2011-07-25T11:14:24Z","timestamp":1311592464000},"page":"869-889","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Evaluating the effectiveness of e\u2010learning system in uncertainty"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Ming\u2010Lang","family":"Tseng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ru\u2010Jen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui\u2010Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen, T.D., Russell, J.E.A., Pottet, M.L. and Dobbins, G.H. (1999), \u201cLearning and development factors related to perceptions of job content and hierarchical plateauing\u201d, J. Organ. Behav., Vol. 20 No. 12, pp. 1113\u201037.","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1379(199912)20:7<1113::AID-JOB944>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asan, U., Erhan Bozdag, C. and Polat, S. (2004), \u201cA fuzzy approach to qualitative cross impact analysis\u201d, Omega, International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 32 No. 6, pp. 443\u201058.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2004.02.006"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bobadilla, J., Serradilla, F. and Bernal, J. (2010), \u201cA new collaborative filtering metric that improves the behavior of recommender systems\u201d, Knowl. Based Syst., Vol. 23 No. 6, pp. 520\u20108.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2010.03.009"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, M., Zhang, Q. and Seydel, J. (2005), \u201cB2C e\u2010commerce web site quality: an empirical examination\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 105 No. 5, pp. 645\u201051.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570510600000"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chao, R.J. and Chen, Y.H. (2009), \u201cEvaluation of the criteria and effectiveness of distance e\u2010learning with consistent fuzzy preference relations\u201d, Exp. Syst. Appl., Vol. 36, pp. 10657\u201062.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.02.047"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L.H. and Chiou, T.W. (1999), \u201cA fuzzy credit\u2010rating approach for commercial loans: a Taiwan case\u201d, Omega, International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 27 No. 4, pp. 407\u201019.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0483(98)00051-6"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y.W. and Tzeng, G.H. (2001), \u201cUsing fuzzy integral for evaluating subjectively perceived travel costs in a traffic assignment model\u201d, Eur. J. Operat. Res., Vol. 130, pp. 653\u201064.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(99)00439-7"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiou, H.K., Tzeng, G.H. and Cheng, D.C. (2005), \u201cEvaluating sustainable fishing development strategies using Fuzzy MCDM approach\u201d, Omega, International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 223\u201034.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2004.04.011"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLone, W.H. and McLean, E.R. (2003), \u201cThe DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: a ten\u2010year update\u201d, J. Manage. Inf. Syst., Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 9\u201030.","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2003.11045748"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b11","unstructured":"Douglas, E. and van der Vyver, G. (2004), \u201cEffectiveness of e\u2010learning course materials for learning database management systems: an experimental investigation\u201d, J. Comput. Info. Sys., Vol. 41 No. 4, pp. 41\u20108."},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dyer, R.F. and Forman, E.H. (1992), \u201cGroup decision support with the analytic hierarchy process\u201d, Decis. Support Syst., Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 99\u2010124.","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9236(92)90003-8"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b13","unstructured":"Hall, M.L. and Nania, S. (1997), \u201cTraining design and evaluation: an example from a satellite based distance learning program\u201d, Public Admin. Quart., Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 370\u201085."},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh, P.Y. (2004), \u201cWeb\u2010based training design for human resources topics: a case study\u201d, TechTrends, Vol. 48 No. 2, pp. 60\u20108.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02762545"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islas, E., Perez, M., Rodriguez, G., Paredes, I., Avila, I. and Mendoza, M. (2007), \u201cE\u2010learning tools evaluation and roadmap development for an electrical utility\u201d, J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res., Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 63\u201075.","DOI":"10.3390\/jtaer2010006"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, B. (2005), Managing E\u2010learning Strategies: Design, Delivery, Implementation and Evaluation, Information Science, Hershey, PA.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59140-634-1"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, G.G. and Lin, H.F. (2005), \u201cCustomer perceptions of e\u2010service quality in online shopping\u201d, Int. J. Retail Distrib. Manage., Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 161\u201076.","DOI":"10.1108\/09590550510581485"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S. and Heller, R.S. (1997), \u201cUse of a keystroke log file to evaluate an interactive computer system in a museum setting\u201d, Comput. Educ., Vol. 29 Nos 2\u20103, pp. 89\u2010101.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-1315(97)00025-0"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liaw, S.S. (2008), \u201cInvestigating students' perceived satisfaction, behavioral intention, and effectiveness of e\u2010learning: a case study of the blackboard system\u201d, Comput. & Educ., Vol. 51, pp. 864\u201073.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2007.09.005"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liaw, S.S., Huang, H.M. and Chen, G.D. (2007), \u201cSurveying instructor and learner attitudes toward e\u2010learning\u201d, Comput. Educ., Vol. 49 No. 4, pp. 1066\u201080.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2006.01.001"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H.F. (2007), \u201cMeasuring online learning systems success: applying the updated DeLone and McLean's model\u201d, CyberPsychol. Behav., Vol. 10 No. 6, pp. 817\u201020.","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.9948"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H.F. (2010), \u201cAn application of fuzzy AHP for evaluating course website quality\u201d, Comput. Educ., Vol. 54 No. 4, pp. 877\u201088.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.09.017"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, F., Ying, H., MacArthur, R.D., Cohn, J.A., Barth\u2010Jones, D. and Crane, L.R. (2007), \u201cDecision making in fuzzy discrete event systems\u201d, Inform. Sci., Vol. 177, pp. 3749\u201063.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.03.011"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marks, R.B., Sibley, S.D. and Arbaugh, J.B. (2005), \u201cA structural equation model of predictors for effective online learning\u201d, J. Manage. Educ., Vol. 29 No. 4, pp. 531\u201063.","DOI":"10.1177\/1052562904271199"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Massey, A.P., Montoya\u2010Weiss, M.M. and Holcom, K. (2001), \u201cRe\u2010engineering the customer relationship: leveraging knowledge assets at IBM\u201d, Decis. Support Syst., Vol. 32 No. 2, pp. 155\u201070.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(01)00108-7"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mhod, T.L., Rina, A. and Suraya, H. (2004), \u201cTeaching and learning of ecommerce courses via hybrid e\u2010learning model in unitary\u201d, J. Electron. Comm. Organ., Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 78\u201094.","DOI":"10.4018\/jeco.2004040107"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozkan, S. and Koseler, R. (2009), \u201cMulti\u2010dimensional student's evaluation of e\u2010learning systems in the higher education context: an empirical study investigation\u201d, Comput. Educ., Vol. 53, pp. 1285\u201096.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.06.011"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, N.F. (2008), \u201cFuzzy AHP approach for selecting the suitable bridge construction method\u201d, Automat. Construct., Vol. 17, pp. 958\u201065.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2008.03.005"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R. and Ives, B. (2001), \u201cWeb\u2010based virtual learning environments: a research framework and a preliminary assessment of effectiveness in basic IT skills training\u201d, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 401\u201026.","DOI":"10.2307\/3250989"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porcel, C. and Herrera\u2010Viedma, E. (2010), \u201cDealing with incomplete information in a fuzzy linguistic recommender system to disseminate information in university digital libraries\u201d, Knowl. Based Syst., Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 32\u20109.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2009.07.007"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranganathan, C. and Ganapathy, S. (2002), \u201cKey dimensions of business\u2010to\u2010consumer web sites\u201d, Inf. Manage, Vol. 39 No. 6, pp. 457\u201065.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(01)00112-4"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roffe, I. (2002), \u201cE\u2010learning: engagement, enhancement and execution\u201d, Quality Assurance in Education, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 40\u201050.","DOI":"10.1108\/09684880210416102"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b34","unstructured":"Saaty, T.L. (1996), The Analytic Network Process\u2010decision Making with Dependence and Feedback, RWS, Pittsburgh, PA."},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selim, H.M. (2007), \u201cCritical success factors for e\u2010learning acceptance: confirmatory factor models\u201d, Comput. Educ., Vol. 49, pp. 396\u2010413.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2005.09.004"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shee, D.Y. and Wang, Y.S. (2008), \u201cMulti\u2010criteria evaluation of the web\u2010based e\u2010learning system: a methodology based on learner satisfaction and its applications\u201d, Comput. Educ., Vol. 50 No. 3, pp. 894\u2010905.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2006.09.005"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shim, J.P., Shropshire, J., Park, S., Harris, H. and Campbell, N. (2007), \u201cPodcasting for e\u2010learning, communication, and delivery\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 107 No. 4, pp. 587\u2010600.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570710740715"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, P.C., Tsai, R.S., Finger, G., Chen, Y.Y. and Yeh, D. (2008), \u201cWhat drives a successful e\u2010learning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner satisfaction\u201d, Comput. Educ., Vol. 50 No. 4, pp. 1183\u2010202.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2006.11.007"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng, M.L. (2008a), \u201cA causal and effect decision\u2010making model of service quality expectation using grey\u2010fuzzy DEMATEL approach\u201d, Exp. Syst. Appl., Vol. 36 No. 4, pp. 7738\u201048.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.09.011"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng, M.L. (2008b), \u201cApplication of ANP and DEMATEL to evaluate the decision\u2010making of municipal solid waste management in Metro Manila\u201d, Environ. Monit. Assess., Vol. 156 Nos 1\u20104, pp. 181\u201097.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-008-0477-1"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng, M.L. (2010a), \u201cImplementation and performance evaluation using the fuzzy network balanced scorecard\u201d, Comput. Educ., Vol. 55, pp. 188\u2010201.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.01.004"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng, M.L. (2010b), \u201cUsing linguistic preferences and grey relational analysis to evaluate the environmental knowledge management capacities\u201d, Exp. Syst. Appl., Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 70\u201081.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.05.020"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng, M.L., Chiang, J.H. and Lan, W.L. (2009), \u201cSelection of optimal supplier in supply chain management strategy with analytic network process and choquet integral\u201d, Comput. Ind. Eng., Vol. 57 No. 1, pp. 330\u201040.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2008.12.001"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tseng, M.L., Lin, Y.H., Chiu, A.S.F. and Liao, C.H. (2008), \u201cUsing FANP approach on selection of competitive priorities based on cleaner production implementation: a case study in PCB manufacturer, Taiwan\u201d, Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, Vol. 10 No. 1, pp. 17\u201029.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10098-007-0109-4"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tzeng, G.H., Chiang, C.H. and Li, C.W. (2007), \u201cEvaluating intertwined effects in e\u2010learning programs: a novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL\u201d, Exp. Syst. Appl., Vol. 32, pp. 1028\u201044.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.02.004"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tzeng, G.H., Ou Yang, Y.P., Lin, C.T. and Chen, C.B. (2005), \u201cHierarchical MADM with fuzzy integral for evaluating enterprise intranet web sites\u201d, Inform. Sci., Vol. 169 Nos 3\/4, pp. 409\u201026.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2004.07.001"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b47","unstructured":"Urdan, T.A. (2000), Corporate E\u2010learning: Exploring a New Frontier, W.R. Hambrecht, San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Laarhoven, P.J.M. and Pedrycz, W. (1983), \u201cA fuzzy extension of Saaty's priority theory\u201d, Fuzzy Sets Syst., Vol. 11, pp. 229\u201041.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(83)80082-7"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b49","unstructured":"von Altrock, C. (1996), Fuzzy Logic and Neurofuzzy Applications in Business and Finance, Prentice\u2010Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, R.C. and Chuu, S.J. (2004), \u201cGroup decision\u2010making using a fuzzy linguistic approach for evaluating the flexibility in a manufacturing system\u201d, Euro. J. Operat. Res., Vol. 154, pp. 363\u2010572.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(02)00729-4"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y.\u2010S. (2003), \u201cAssessment of learner satisfaction with asynchronous electronic learning systems\u201d, Inf. Manage., Vol. 41 No. 1, pp. 75\u201086.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7206(03)00028-4"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y.\u2010S., Wang, H.Y. and Shee, D.Y. (2007), \u201cMeasuring e\u2010learning systems success in an organizational context: scale development and validation\u201d, Comput. Human Behav., Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 1792\u2010808.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2005.10.006"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Webster, J. and Hackley, P. (1997), \u201cTeaching effectiveness in technology\u2010mediated distance learning\u201d, Acad. Manage. J., Vol. 40 No. 6, pp. 1282\u2010309.","DOI":"10.5465\/257034"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wild, R.H., Griggs, K.A. and Downing, A. (2002), \u201cA framework for e\u2010learning as a tool for knowledge management\u201d, Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 102 No. 7, pp. 371\u201080.","DOI":"10.1108\/02635570210439463"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zadeh, L. (1965), \u201cFuzzy sets\u201d, Inf. Control, Vol. 8, pp. 338\u201053.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_frd1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbasi, F.M., Ahmad, H., Perveen, F., Inamullah, S.M. and Brar, D.S. (2010), \u201cAssesment of genomic relationship between Oryza sativa and Oryza australiensis\u201d, Afr. J. Biotechnol., Vol. 9 No. 12, pp. 1312\u201016.","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB10.1689"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_frd2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain, S., Ghaffar, A. and Aslam, M. (1990), \u201cBiological control of Macrophomina phaseolina charcoal rots of sunflower and mung bean\u201d, Egypt J. Phytopathol., Vol. 130, pp. 157\u201060.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0434.1990.tb01163.x"},{"key":"key2022020720014011200_frd3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, T.H. (2010), \u201cWeb\u2010based dynamic assessment: taking assessment as teaching and learning strategy for improving students' e\u2010learning effectiveness\u201d, Comput. Educ., Vol. 54 No. 4, pp. 1157\u201066.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.11.001"}],"container-title":["Industrial Management &amp; Data Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/02635571111144955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02635571111144955\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02635571111144955\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:38:33Z","timestamp":1753400313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/imds\/article\/111\/6\/869-889\/179189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,28]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/02635571111144955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02635571111144955","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5577"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-5577","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,28]]}}}