{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:48:24Z","timestamp":1778280504039,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]],"date-time":"2003-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1049155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rapidly growing academic libraries are the major consumers of the product of seven LIS schools in Pakistan. The changing environment of academic life demands new competencies in academic librarians. This paper reviews the literature on the competencies needed for academic librarians in the Asia\/Pacific region and discusses the changing environment of academic librarianship in Pakistan. It provides a list of competencies needed for entry\u2010level academic librarians, first prepared on the basis of a literature review and, then, validated by 70 chief librarians of universities and postgraduate level colleges from the public and private sector. The validated list of competencies is compared with the curricula of LIS programs. The paper highlights the deficiencies in the curricula and their implementation and recommendations are given to improve the situation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1108\/02640470310462434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,28]],"date-time":"2003-04-28T19:05:45Z","timestamp":1051556745000},"page":"99-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A comparison between needed competencies of academic librarians and LIS curricula in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Khalid","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B1","unstructured":"Abbas, A. (1997), \u201cThe politics of downsizing\u201d, The Herald, November, pp. 97\u20108."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buttlar, L. and Du Mont, R. (1996), \u201cLibrary and information science competencies revisited\u201d, Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, Vol. 37, pp. 44\u201062.","DOI":"10.2307\/40324283"},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B3","unstructured":"Ceppos, K.F. (1995), \u201cLibrary school survival: research and strategies\u201d, in Kent, A. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, Vol. 55, Marcel Dekker, New York, NY,  pp. 178\u201091."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B4","unstructured":"Corbin, J. (1993), \u201cCompetencies for electronic information services\u201d, The Public\u2010Access Computer Systems Review, Vol. 4 No. 6, pp. 5\u201022."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B5","unstructured":"Giesecke, J. and McNeil, B. (1999), \u201cCore competencies and the learning organization\u201d, Library Administration & Management, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 158\u201066."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haider, S.J. (1998), \u201cEducating future librarians in Pakistan \u2013 a library educator\u2019s perspective\u201d, Education for Information, Vol. 16, pp. 29\u201044.","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-1998-16103"},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B7","unstructured":"Imran, I. (1999), Educational Guide of Pakistan (1999\u20102000), Ibrahim Publishers, Lahore."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B8","unstructured":"International Federation of Library Associations and Organizations (2000), \u201cGuidelines for professional library\/information educational programs\u201d, available at: www.ifla.org\/VII\/s23\/bulletin\/guidelines.htm"},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B9","unstructured":"Khalid, H.M. (1998), \u201cThe use of technology in the university libraries of Pakistan: a need for acceleration\u201d, Asian Library News, Vol. 1 No. 1, available at: www.aliva.org\/vol1no1\/Features\/khalid.html"},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B10","unstructured":"Khan, G.A. (2001), \u201cInternet in Pakistan: trends and barriers\u201d, Daily Dawn, Lahore, 23 January."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B11","unstructured":"Khan, S.A. (1994), Educational Institutions and Library Development in Pakistan, Khurshid Nishan, Karachi."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B12","unstructured":"Memon, Z.H. (2001), \u201cThe changing behaviour patterns\u201d, Daily Dawn, Lahore, 23 January."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B13","unstructured":"Middleton, M. (2001), \u201cSkills expectations of library graduates\u201d, paper presented at the 4th British\u2010Nordic Conference on Library and Information Studies, 21\u201023 March, Dublin."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B14","unstructured":"Moore, N. et al. (1998), A Curriculum for an Information Society: Educating and Training Information Professionals in the Asia\u2010Pacific Region, UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgan, S. (1996), \u201cDeveloping academic library skills for the future\u201d, Library Review, Vol. 45, pp. 41\u201053.","DOI":"10.1108\/00242539610122553"},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B16","unstructured":"Naylor, R.J. (2000), \u201cCore competencies: what they are and how to use them\u201d, Public Libraries, Vol. 39, pp. 108\u201014."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B17","unstructured":"Pakistan, Finance Division (2000), Economic Survey 1999\u20102000, The Division, Islamabad."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B18","unstructured":"Pakistan, Ministry of Education (2000), Education Advisory Board \u2013 presentation: draft, 10 July, The Ministry, Islamabad."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B19","unstructured":"Pakistan, Ministry of Science & Technology. IT and Telecommunications Division (2000), IT Policy and Action Plan, The Division, Islamabad."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B20","unstructured":"Pakistan, University Grants Commission (1995), Revised Curriculum of Library and Information Science for MLIS, The Commission, Islamabad."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B21","unstructured":"Pakistan, University Grants Commission (1998), Handbook Universities of Pakistan, The Commission, Islamabad."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B22","unstructured":"Pakistan, University Grants Commission (1999), Handbook Colleges of Pakistan, The Commission, Islamabad."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B23","unstructured":"Quraishi, O.R. (2000), \u201cEducation, research bodies rank last in computer survey\u201d, Dawn, 26 May."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman, S.u. (1994), \u201cAppraisal of faculty preparedness by using selected variables\u201d, Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, Vol. 35, pp. 20\u201030.","DOI":"10.2307\/40323149"},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B25","unstructured":"Rehman, S.u. (2000), Preparing the Information Professional: An Agenda for the Future, Greenwood, Westport, CT."},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman, S.u., Baker, A.B.A. and Majid, S. (1998a), \u201cNeeded capabilities and development strategies for future information professionals: a Malaysian perspective\u201d, International Information & Library Review, Vol. 30, pp. 123\u201041.","DOI":"10.1080\/10572317.1998.10762470"},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman, S.u., Chaudhry, A.S. and Karim, N.S.A. (1998b), \u201cDifferentiated competencies for graduate and undergraduate levels: needed transformation of the information study programs\u201d, Education for Information, Vol. 16, pp. 9\u201028.","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-1998-16102"},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman, S.u., Majid, S. and Baker, A.B.A. (1997), \u201cCompetences for future library professionals of academic libraries in Malaysia\u201d, Library Review, Vol. 46, pp. 381\u201093.","DOI":"10.1108\/00242539710178380"},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B29","unstructured":"Reichel, M. (1999), \u201cIssues in higher education and library and information studies education\u201d, Background paper prepared for the ALA Congress on Professional Education, 30 April\u20101 May, available at: www.ala.org\/congress\/acrl.html"},{"key":"key2022020620524913300_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rice\u2010Livey, M.L. and Racine, J.D. 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