{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:54:29Z","timestamp":1754157269014,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]],"date-time":"2007-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]]},"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>The purpose of this research is to document the development and evaluation of a multimedia resource for the principles, techniques and syllabus content for Rough and Tumble (RAT) \u2013 a South African martial art.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title>The researcher uses the Eclectic\u2010Mixed Methods\u2010Pragmatic Paradigm (EMMPP) as the theoretical framework. Development research provides the basis for varied research methods and instruments, which tie into the practical and complex nature of the EMMPP. The researcher uses both a quantitative and qualitative approach, but the study is mostly qualitative in nature, due to the small numbers of participants. Data and findings are triangulated with a wide variety of methods, instruments and participants. Methods include expert reviews, observation, records, and learner feedback.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>Experts, learners and users report favourably on the usefulness, usability, functionality, appeal, and effectiveness of the RAT CD\u2010ROM as a learning and reference resource. Observation (cognitive walkthrough) reveals that inexperienced users experienced problems with navigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title>This study is limited by its small numbers of participants, making it difficult to conduct useful quantitative analysis. As the project matures the researcher is creating a version of the RAT CD\u2010ROM on the WWW, which requires further evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Practical implications<\/jats:title>This research is useful in the domain of online learning, as it shows that support for kinaesthetic kinds of learning can occur in computer mediated environments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Originality\/value<\/jats:title>This study is not the only work being done on martial arts learning on the WWW, but it is unique in that the researcher has created complex learning environments that allow learners to create, contribute, and demonstrate new knowledge, skills and attitudes. The RAT CD\u2010ROM has value for learners and teachers of RAT, as they have useful, effective learning and reference resources. Other martial artists may benefit from the RAT CD\u2010ROM, as several other martial arts systems have been included on the RAT CD\u2010ROM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/02640470710829505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,27]],"date-time":"2007-10-27T05:31:30Z","timestamp":1193463090000},"page":"495-516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["RAT online: martial arts learning resources"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Steven","family":"Yates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b1","unstructured":"Bloom, B.S., Engelhart, M.D., Furst, E.J., Hill, W.H. and Krathwohl, D.R. (1956), Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Book 1: Cognitive Domain, David McKay Company Inc., New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chomsky, N. 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(2005), Ten Usability Heuristics, available at: www.useit.com\/papers\/heuristic\/heuristic_list.html."},{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b7","unstructured":"Park University (n.d.), Park University, Parkville, Missouri, MO, available at: www.park.edu\/cetl\/quicktips\/writinglearningobj.html."},{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b8","unstructured":"Raitt, D.I. (1987), \u201cInformation science and the martial arts: perspectives on online searching\u201d, in Chen, C.\u2010C. and Raitt, D.I. (Eds), First Pacific Conference: New Information Technology. Bangkok, Thailand, June 16\u201018, MicroUse Information, West Newton, MA, pp. 245\u201055."},{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b9","unstructured":"Reeves, T. (1997), \u201cEvaluating what really matters in computer\u2010based education\u201d, University of Georgia, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b10","unstructured":"Reeves, T. and Hedberg, J. (2003), Interactive Learning Systems Evaluation, Educational Technology Publications, Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b11","unstructured":"Singer, R.N. (1982), The Learning of Motor Skills, Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., New York, NY."},{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b12","unstructured":"Spiro, R.J., Feltovich, P.J., Jacobson, M.J. and Coulson, R.L. (1991), \u201cCognitive flexibility, constructivism, and hypertext: random access instruction for advanced knowledge acquisition in ill\u2010structured domains\u201d, Educational Technology."},{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b13","unstructured":"Taylor, J.R. (1989), Linguistic Categorization: Prototypes in Linguistic Theory, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.."},{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b14","unstructured":"Tognazzini, B. ((n.d.)), First Principles of Interaction Design, available at: www.asktog.com\/basics\/firstPrinciples.html."},{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b15","unstructured":"Vygotsky, L.S. (1978), Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"key2022021120041536000_b16","unstructured":"Yates, S.D. (2005), \u201cRAT online: towards effective delivery of online martial arts resources\u201d, paper presented at the 7th Annual Conference on World Wide Web Applications, Cape Town, South Africa, 29\u201031 August."}],"container-title":["The Electronic Library"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/02640470710829505","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02640470710829505\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02640470710829505\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:42:02Z","timestamp":1753400522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/el\/article\/25\/5\/495-516\/69726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/02640470710829505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02640470710829505","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-0473"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0264-0473"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,9]]}}}