{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:10:44Z","timestamp":1761765044991,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,6]],"date-time":"2008-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this paper is to present an innovative approach that is proposed for developing e\u2010libraries with metadata to meet the need of training observation and classification skills in a mobile learning environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>A knowledge engineering approach is proposed to assist teachers in defining metadata of e\u2010libraries to meet the need of training observation and classification skills. Based on the innovative approach, an e\u2010library of butterfly and ecology has been developed. Moreover, an experiment was conducted from March\u2010April 2007 on the science course \u201cButterfly and Ecology\u201d at an elementary school in Taiwan. There were two teachers and 35 students participated in the experiment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental results showed that the e\u2010library developed with the innovative approach is able to effectively support the training of observation and classification skills for elementary school students.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Research limitations\/implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Currently, the innovative approach has only been applied to the training of observation and classification knowledge. Further studies will be needed to assist teachers in defining metadata of e\u2010libraries for other educational objectives, such as \u201canalysis\u201d (the ability to separate material or concepts into component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood), \u201csynthesis\u201d (the ability to put parts together to form a new whole) and \u201cevaluation\u201d (the ability to judge the value of material for a given purpose).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the innovative approach, personalized supports can be provided as a guide for students' learning. Moreover, students are allowed to face the real objects with technology\u2010rich supports during the learning process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/02640470810879464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,14]],"date-time":"2008-06-14T07:03:54Z","timestamp":1213427034000},"page":"303-317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["A knowledge engineering approach to developing e\u2010libraries for mobile learning"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hui\u2010Chun","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gwo\u2010Jen","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shu\u2010Xian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ting\u2010Ting","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022021020331455900_b1","unstructured":"Adeyemi, B.M. 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