{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T17:54:28Z","timestamp":1754157268093,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Emerald","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/site-policies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES) is a standard metadata schema for describing electronic records, documents and web resources. Librarians have been influenced on its initial structure most efficiently. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the librarians' tendency and amount of their attention to this standard in national libraries of the world.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Design\/methodology\/approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper reports an empirical study of how 70 National Library web sites (NLWs) from 62 countries use DCMES. The source of each library web site main page is viewed and the data gathered with a formed checklist. The paper is conducted to determine whether or not DCMES is used within NLWs. In this paper DCMES is divided into three: content description; intellectual property and rights; and structural manifestation. The tendency measurement of NLWs' designers to each purpose is the second objective of this paper.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to the results, 14 of all the NLWs use DCMES (20 percent). These 14 NLWs tendency ratio to each of the purposes are: content description 49 percent; intellectual properties and rights 57 percent; and structural manifestation 70 percent. The least\u2010used Dublin Core (DC) elements are source, relation and contributor \u2013 being used only once, and the most\u2010used DC element is title \u2013 used in 13 NLWs. The National Library of Serbia uses the most DC elements, using all 15, and the Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale Suisse uses the least DC elements by using two.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title content-type=\"abstract-heading\">Originality\/value<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results presented in this paper show that most of the national libraries, the main libraries of the world, do not pay much attention to DCMES in web pages' designation. On the other hand, some other nation libraries using DCMES do not consider the main purpose of DCMES \u2013 content description \u2013 to be more important than its other purposes. Ultimately, the paper presents five probable reasons why most NLWs do not use DCMES.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1108\/02640470910966880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,20]],"date-time":"2009-06-20T07:03:44Z","timestamp":1245481424000},"page":"441-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dublin Core Metadata Element Set usage in national libraries' web sites"],"prefix":"10.1108","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Saadat Alijani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdolrasool","family":"Jowkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"140","reference":[{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b1","unstructured":"Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (2001), \u201cDC1: OCLC\/NSCA metadata workshop\u201d, available at: http:\/\/dublincore.org\/workshops\/dc1\/."},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b2","unstructured":"Fanning, B. (2006), \u201cData, data, data, every data: metadata standards\u201d, AIIM E\u2010Doc Magazine, Vol. 20 No. 3, p. 76."},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b3","unstructured":"Greenberg, J., Pattuelli, M.C., Parsia, B. and Robertson, W.D. (2001), \u201cAuthor\u2010generated Dublin Core metadata for web resources: a baseline study in an organization\u201d, Journal of Digital Information, Vol. 2 No. 78, available at: http:\/\/jodi.tamu.edu\/Articles\/v02\/i02\/Greenberg\/?printable=1."},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guinchard, C. (2002), \u201cDublin Core use in libraries: a survey\u201d, OCLC Systems & Services, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 40\u201050.","DOI":"10.1108\/10650750210418190"},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henshaw, R. and Valauskas, E. (2001), \u201cMetadata as a catalyst: experiments with metadata and search engines in the internet journal, First Monday\u201d, Libri, Vol. 51 No. 2, pp. 86\u2010101.","DOI":"10.1515\/LIBR.2001.86"},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b16","unstructured":"IFLA (n.d), \u201cNational libraries of the world: address list\u201d, IFLANET, available at: www.ifla.org\/VI\/2\/p2\/national\u2010libraries.htm."},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b6","unstructured":"IMS (2000), \u201cIMS metadata. IMS Web team\u201d, October 16, 2000, available at: www.imsproject.org\/metadata (accessed October 30, 2000)."},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed, K.A.F. (2006), \u201cThe impact of metadata in web resources\u201d, Online Information Review, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 155\u201067.","DOI":"10.1108\/14684520610659184"},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b8","unstructured":"National Information Standard Organization (2001), The Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, National Information Standard Organization, Bethesda, MD, p. 1, available at: www.niso.org\/standards\/resources\/Z39\u201085.pdf."},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b9","unstructured":"Safari, M. (2005), \u201cSearch engines and resource discovery on the web: is Dublin Core an impact factor?\u201d, Webology, Vol. 2 No. 2, August, available at: www.wbology.ir\/2005\/v2n2\/a13.html."},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simons, G. and Bird, S. (2003), \u201cBuilding an Open Language Archives Community on the OAI foundation\u201d, Library Hi Tech, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 210\u20108.","DOI":"10.1108\/07378830310479848"},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b11","unstructured":"Stephenson, S.L. (1999), \u201cAn assessment of the effectiveness of metadata as a tool for electronic resource discovery\u201d, a master' paper for the MS in LIS degree, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC."},{"key":"key2022020120143688900_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ward, J.H. (2004), \u201cUnqualified Dublin Core usage in OAI\u2010PMH data providers\u201d, OCLC Systems & Services, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 40\u20107.","DOI":"10.1108\/10650750410527322"}],"container-title":["The Electronic Library"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emeraldinsight.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1108\/02640470910966880","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02640470910966880\/full\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.emerald.com\/insight\/content\/doi\/10.1108\/02640470910966880\/full\/html","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T23:42:26Z","timestamp":1753400546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.emerald.com\/el\/article\/27\/3\/441-447\/95567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1108\/02640470910966880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02640470910966880","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-0473"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0264-0473"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]]}}}